Table 2

Potential predictors of success with foot orthoses at 12 weeks (pretest success 40%)

VariableSensitivitySpecificityPositive likelihood ratioPost-test (%)
Age over 25 years0.82 (0.56 to 0.95)0.56 (0.35 to 0.75)1.9 (1.1 to 3.1)57
Height less than 165 cm0.41 (0.19 to 0.67)0.92 (0.72 to 0.99)4.9 (1.2 to 20.9)77.3
Mid-foot width difference greater than 10.96 mm0.56 (0.23 to 0.85)0.81 (0.54 to 0.95)3.0 (0.91 to 9.6)67.6
Arch height ratio less than 0.340.33 (0.09 to 0.69)0.82 (0.56 to 0.95)1.9 (0.47 to 7.5)57
Worst pain* less than 53.25 mm0.53 (0.29 to 0.76)0.64 (0.43 to 0.81)1.5 (0.74 to 2.9)51
Usual pain* less than 24.75 mm0.35 (0.15 to 0.61)0.92 (0.72 to 0.99)4.4 (1.0 to 19.3)75.4
AKP scale score greater than 66.50.82 (0.56 to 0.95)0.48 (0.28 to 0.68)1.5 (1.0 to 2.4)51
FIQ score greater than 9.50.76 (0.50 to 0.92)0.56 (0.35 to 0.75)1.7 (1.0 to 2.9)54.2
Overall comfort less than 77.5 mm0.33 (0.13 to 0.61)0.81 (0.57 to 0.94)1.8 (0.56 to 5.44)55.6
  • Values in parentheses represent 95% CI.

  • * Pain measured on a 100 mm visual analogue scale; 0 mm = no pain, 100 mm = worst pain imaginable.

  • Anterior knee pain (AKP) scale (0–100 points); 100 = no disability.

  • Functional index questionnaire (FIQ) (0–16 points); 16 = no disability.