Rearfoot eversion results where point estimates of effect and confidence intervals were able to be calculated
| Authors | Outcome | Intervention | Comparator | Mean difference ° (95% CI) | Effect size (ES) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Branthwaite et al32 | Peak eversion | Biplanar | Control | −3.1 | 0.62 |
| Cobra | Control | −2.1 | 0.46 | ||
| Biplanar | Cobra | No difference | |||
| Eng and Pierrynowski38 | Eversion | Posted non-moulded | Control | Walking: contact −1.8 (−5.13 to 1.53) | 0.47 |
| excursion | Midstance −1.8 (−3.73 to 0.13) | 0.82 | |||
| Propulsion −0.4 (−2.42 to 1.62) | 0.17 | ||||
| Jogging: contact −2.5 (−5.49 to 0.49) | 0.73 | ||||
| Midstance −0.8 (−2.42 to 0.82) | 0.43 | ||||
| Propulsion −1.7 (−4.15 to 0.75) | 0.61 | ||||
| MacLean et al36 | Eversion | Posted moulded (Inverted) | Control | Initial: 1.56 (−2.05 to 5.17) | 0.35 |
| excursion | After 6 weeks of wear: 0.88 | 0.18 | |||
| (−2.97 to 4.73) | |||||
| MacLean et al37 | Peak eversion | Posted moulded | Control | Peak eversion: reduction | 0.32 |
| Eversion | Decreased calcaneal eversion angle | 0.25 | |||
| excursion | |||||
| McCulloch et al5 | Peak eversion | Posted moulded | Control | Walking 3.2 km/h: −4.0 (−8.7 to 0.7) | 0.75 |
| Walking 4.8 km/h: −2.7 (−7.29 to 1.89) | 0.52 | ||||
| Mündermann et al30 | Peak eversion | Posted non-moulded | Control | −2.3 (−3.82 to −0.78) | 0.92 |
| Non-posted moulded | Control | 0.6 (−0.85 to 2.05) | 0.25 | ||
| Posted moulded | Control | 0.9 (−0.93 to 2.73) | 0.3 | ||
| Posted non-moulded | Non-posted moulded | −2.9 (−4.47 to −1.33) | 1.11 | ||
| Posted non-moulded | Posted moulded | −3.2 (−5.12 to −1.28) | 1.01 | ||
| Non-posted moulded | Posted moulded | −0.3 (−2.17 to 1.57) | 0.1 | ||
| Nigg et al31 | Peak eversion | Full-length medial post | Control | −1.5 SD ± 1.3 | |
| Eversion | Full-length medial post | Control | −2 SD ± 1.5 | ||
| excursion | Full-length lateral post | Control | 2.1 SD ± 1.7 | ||
| Stacoff et al33 | Peak eversion | Posted non-moulded | Control | 1.5 (−0.43 to 3.43) | 0.76 |
| Posted moulded | Control | −1.8 (−3.81 to 0.21) | 0.88 | ||
| Irregular surface | Control | 0.6 (−1.51 to 2.71) | 0.28 | ||
| Posted moulded | Posted non-moulded | −3.3 (−5.07 to −1.53) | 1.83 | ||
| Posted moulded | Irregular surface | −2.4 (−4.36 to −0.44) | 1.2 | ||
| Irregular surface | Posted non-moulded | −0.9 (−2.77 to 0.97) | 0.47 | ||
| Stacoff et al11 | Peak eversion | Posted non-moulded (Anterior) | Control | −0.83 (−4.34 to 2.68) | 0.29 |
| Eversion | Posted non-moulded (Posterior) | Control | −1.03 (−4.79 to 2.73) | 0.34 | |
| excursion | Posted non-moulded (Posterior) | Posted non-moulded (Anterior) | −0.20 (−4.01 to 3.61) | 0.07 | |
| Posted non-moulded (Anterior) | Control | −0.26 (−3.64 to 3.12) | 0.1 | ||
| Posted non-moulded (Posterior) | Control | −0.34 (−3.63 to 2.95) | 0.13 | ||
| Posted non-moulded (Anterior) | Posted non-moulded (Posterior) | −0.08 (−3.44 to 3.28) | 0.03 | ||
| Williams et al35 | Peak eversion | 4° posted moulded | Control | 1.59 (−1.66 to 4.84) | 0.41 |
| Eversion | Inverted posted moulded | Control | 1.2 (−1.87 to 4.27) | 0.3 | |
| excursion | Inverted posted moulded | 4° posted moulded | −0.39 (−3.4 to 2.62) | 0.11 | |
| 4° posted moulded | Control | −0.82 (−3.42 to 1.78) | 0.29 | ||
| Inverted posted moulded | Control | −0.05 (−2.42 to 2.32) | 0.02 | ||
| 4° posted moulded | Inverted posted moulded | −0.77 (−3.37 to 1.83) | 0.25 | ||
| Zifchock and Davis25 | Peak eversion | Posted moulded (semicustom) | Control | Low arch: 0.06 (−1.45 to 1.58) | 0.03 |
| Eversion | Posted moulded (custom) | Control | High arch: −0.03 (−2.02 to 1.95) | 0.01 | |
| excursion | Posted moulded (semicustom) | Posted moulded (custom) | Low arch: 1.13 (−1.46 to 3.37) | 0.29 | |
| Posted moulded (semicustom) | Control | High arch: 0.28 (−1.88 to 2.45) | 0.08 | ||
| Posted moulded (custom) | Control | Low arch: −1.07 (−3.06 to 1.46) | 0.28 | ||
| Posted moulded (custom) | Posted moulded (semicustom) | High arch: −0.32 (−2.09 to 1.46) | 0.11 | ||
| Posted moulded (semicustom) | Posted moulded (custom) | Low arch: −0.92 (−2.46 to 0.61) | 0.39 | ||
| High arch: −0.84 (−2.86 to 1.18) | 0.26 | ||||
| Low arch: −1.13 (−2.70 to 0.44) | 0.47 | ||||
| High arch: −0.76 (−2.76 to 1.23) | 0.24 | ||||
| Low arch: −0.2 (−1.4 to 1.0) | 0.11 | ||||
| High arch: −0.08 (−1.92 to 1.76) | 0.03 |