Tibial internal rotation comparisons of studies where point estimates of effect and confidence intervals were able to be calculated
| Authors | Intervention | Comparator | Mean difference (95% CI) | Effect size (ES) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eng and Pierrynowski38 | Posted non-moulded | Control | Walking: contact −1.9 (−3.45 to −0.35), | 1.07, 0, 0.17 |
| midstance 0 (−2.29 to 2.29), | 0.15, 0, 0.26 | |||
| propulsion −0.4 (−2.46 to 1.66) | ||||
| Jogging: contact −0.4 (−2.42 to 1.62), | ||||
| midstance 0.0 (−0.81 to 0.81), | ||||
| propulsion −0.6 (−2.62 to 1.42) | ||||
| MacLean et al200836 | Posted moulded (Inverted) | Control | Initial −1.38 (−4.99 to 2.33) | 0.31 |
| After 6 weeks of wear −0.14 (−4.48 to 4.2) | 0.03 | |||
| Mündermann et al30 | Posted non-moulded | Control | −0.5 (−2.95 to 1.95) | 0.12 |
| Non-posted moulded | Control | −0.6 (−2.99 to 1.79) | 0.15 | |
| Posted moulded | Control | −0.5 (−2.98 to 1.98) | 0.12 | |
| Non-posted moulded | Posted non-moulded | −0.1 (−2.52 to 2.32) | 0.02 | |
| Posted non-moulded | Posted moulded | 0 (−2.51 to 2.51) | 0 | |
| Non-posted moulded | Posted moulded | −0.1 (−2.55 to 2.35) | 0.02 | |
| Nawoczenski et al6 | Posted moulded (low rearfoot), posted moulded (high rearfoot) | Control, control | Internal rotation with respect to rearfoot: 2.0 (−4.31 to 0.31), −2.3 (−6.26 to 1.66) | 0.76, 0.37 |
| Posted moulded (low rearfoot), posted moulded (high rearfoot) | Control, control | Total internal/external rotation: −1.2 (−4.64 to 2.24), −1.6 (−6.34 to 3.14) | 0.31, 0.3 | |
| Stacoff et al33 | Posted non-moulded | Control | 0.3 (−4.16 to 4.76) | 0.07 |
| Posted moulded | Control | −0.2 (−4.71 to 4.31) | 0.04 | |
| Irregular surface | Control | 0.4 (−4.06 to 4.86) | 0.09 | |
| Posted moulded | Posted non-moulded | −0.5 (−5.96 to 3.96) | 0.11 | |
| Posted non-moulded | Irregular surface | −0.1 (−4.51 to 4.31) | 0.02 | |
| Posted moulded | Irregular surface | −0.6 (−5.06 to 3.86) | 0.13 | |
| Stacoff et al11 | Posted non-moulded (anterior) | Control | −0.54 (−1.37 to 0.29) | 0.81 |
| Posted non-moulded (posterior) | Control | −1.59 (−2.97 to −0.21) | 1.43 | |
| Posted non-moulded (posterior) | Posted non-moulded (anterior) | −1.05 (−2.26 to 0.16) | 1.07 | |
| Williams et al35 | 4° posted moulded | Control | 3.33 (−1.94 to 8.6) | 0.53 |
| Inverted posted moulded | Control | 4.5 (−0.23 to 8.77) | 0.88 | |
| 4° posted moulded | Inverted oosted moulded | −1.17 (−5.55 to 3.21) | 0.22 |