Branthwaite et al32 | Biplanar | Control | −4 (−20.37 to 12.37) | 0.23 |
| Cobra | Control | 5 (−7.55 to 17.55) | 0.35 |
| Biplanar | Cobra | −9 (−26.4 to 8.4) | 0.48 |
MacLean et al36 | Posted moulded (Inverted) | Control | Initial: 38.66 (−22.44 to 99.76) | 0.51 |
| | | After 6 weeks of wear: 37.58 (−43.9 to 119.06) | 0.37 |
McCulloch et al5 | Posted moulded | Control | Rate of pronation first 10% stance | 0.22, |
| | | walking 3.2 km/h: 4.5 (−13.68 to 22.68), | 0.06 |
| | | walking 4.8 km/h: 1.5 (−21.17 to 24.17) | 0.31, |
| | | Rate of pronation second 10% stance walking 3.2 km/h: −6.2 (−23.94 to 11.54), walking 4.8 km/h: 1.1 (−17.22 to 19.42) | 0.05 |
Mündermann et al30 | Posted non-moulded | Control | −71.8 (−159.78 to 16.18) | 0.49 |
| non-moulded posted | Control | 12.1 (−78.74 to 102.94) | 0.08 |
| Posted moulded | Control | 19.7 (−70.01 to 109.41) | 0.13 |
| Posted non-moulded | Non-posted moulded | −83.9 (−168.63 to 0.83) | 0.6 |
| Posted non-moulded | Posted moulded | −91.5 (−175.02 to −7.98) | 0.66 |
| Non-posted moulded | Posted moulded | −7.6 (−94.13 to 78.93) | 0.05 |
Stackhouse et al39 | Posted moulded | Control | −7.85 (not significant) | |
Stacoff et al11 | Posted non-moulded (anterior) | Control | 5.0 (−35.61 to 45.61) | 0.15 |
| Posted non-moulded (posterior) | Control | −2.42 (−42.12 to 37.28) | 0.08 |
| Posted non-moulded (posterior) | Posted non-moulded (Anterior) | −7.42 (−45.51 to 30.67) | 0.24 |
Zifchock and Davis 200825 | Posted moulded (semicustom) | Control | Low arch: −10.87 (−41.37 to 19.63) | 0.23 |
| Posted moulded (custom) | Control | High arch: −14.32 (−50.92 to 22.28) | 0.25 |
| Posted moulded (custom) | Posted moulded (semicustom) | Low arch: −14.14 (−44.87 to 16.58) | 0.3 |
| Posted moulded (custom) | Posted moulded (semicustom) | High arch: −20.51 (−56.08 to 15.06), | 0.37, |
| | | −3.27 (−33.87 to 27.32), | 0.07, |
| | | −6.19 (−34.14 to 21.76) | 0.14 |