Shock attenuation paradigm comparisons when point estimates of effect and confidence intervals were able to be calculated
| Authors | Outcome | Intervention | Comparator | Mean difference (95% CI) | Effect size (ES) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butler et al41 | Tibial acceleration (g) | Posted moulded (rigid) | Control | −0.2 (−2.35 to 1.95) | 0.07 |
| Loading rate (BW/s) | Posted moulded (Soft) | Control | 0.3 (−1.92 to 2.52) | 0.1 | |
| Posted moulded (rigid) | Posted moulded (soft) | −0.5 (−2.72 to 1.72) | 0.16 | ||
| Posted moulded (rigid) | Control | −6 (−16.19 to 4.19) | 0.47 | ||
| Posted moulded (Soft) | Control | −3.4 (−12.55 to 5.75) | 0.27 | ||
| Posted moulded (rigid) | Posted moulded (soft) | −2.6 (−14.37 to 9.17) | 0.16 | ||
| MacLean et al36 | Impact peak (BW) | Posted moulded | Control | Initial: −0.11 (−0.28 to 0.06), | 0.52, 0.42 |
| Maximum loading rate (BW/s) | Posted moulded | Control | 6 weeks: 0.1 (−1.17 to 0.97) | 0.43, 0.89 | |
| Initial: −12.04 (−33.51 to 9.43), | |||||
| 6 weeks: −19.56 (−37.24 to −1.88) | |||||
| Mündermann et al30 | Vertical impact peak (N) | Posted non-moulded | Control | 20.3 (−137.45 to 178.05) | 0.04 |
| Maximum loading rate (N/s) | Non-posted moulded | Control | −98.7 (−249.39 to 51.99) | 0.4 | |
| Posted moulded | Control | −146.8 (−249.9 to 1.30) | 0.6 | ||
| Non-posted moulded | Posted non-moulded | −119 (−272.92 to 34.92) | 0.47 | ||
| Posted moulded | Posted non-moulded | −167.1 (−318.48 to −15.72) | 0.67 | ||
| Posted moulded | Non-posted moulded | −48.1 (−192.11 to 95.91) | 0.2 | ||
| Posted non-moulded | Control | 1 (−5.96 to 7.96) | 0.09 | ||
| Non-posted moulded | Control | −7.7 (−14.41 to −0.99) | 0.69 | ||
| Posted moulded | Control | −10.5 (−17.15 to −3.85) | 0.95 | ||
| Non-posted moulded | Posted non-moulded | −8.7 (−15.66 to −1.74) | 0.76 | ||
| Posted moulded | Posted non-moulded | −11.5 (−18.4 to −4.6) | 1.01 | ||
| Posted moulded | Non-posted moulded | −2.8 (−9.45 to 3.85) | 0.25 | ||
| Nigg et al43 | Vertical impact force (N) | Shore 26 | Control | −118 (−179.88 to 115.88) | 0.47 |
| Loading rate (kN/s) | Shore 28 | Control | −92 (−255.62 to 71.62) | 0.39 | |
| Shore 29 | Control | −88 (−273.76 to 97.76) | 0.33 | ||
| Shore 34 | Control | −63 (−235.31 to 109.31) | 0.25 | ||
| Shore 26 + stabiliser | Control + stabiliser | −52 (−193.06 to 89.06) | 0.26 | ||
| Shore 28 + stabiliser | Control + stabiliser | −32 (−179.88 to 115.88) | 0.15 | ||
| Shore 29 + stabiliser | Control + stabiliser | −40 (−179.99 to 99.99) | 0.2 | ||
| Shore 34 + stabiliser | Control + stabiliser | −52 (−202.6 to 98.6) | 0.24 | ||
| Shore 26 | Control | −2.92 (17.39 to 11.55) | 0.14 | ||
| Shore 28 | Control | −0.09 (−14.18 to 14) | 0 | ||
| Shore 29 | Control | −6.27 (−20.88 to 8.34) | 0.29 | ||
| Shore 34 | Control | −2.48 (−15.81 to 10.85) | 0.13 | ||
| Shore 26 + stabiliser | Control + stabiliser | 10.39 (−4.65 to 25.43) | 0.48 | ||
| Shore 28 + stabiliser | Control + stabiliser | 12.97 (−2.59 to 28.53) | 0.58 | ||
| Shore 29 + stabiliser | Control + stabiliser | 5.22 (−9.7 to 20.14) | 0.24 | ||
| Shore 34 + stabiliser | Control + stabiliser | 4.07 (−11.48 to 19.62) | 0.18 |