Characteristics of the study populations in mean (SD) or percentage (%)
| Variables | Masai | Rural Bantu | Urban Bantu |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 130) | (n = 371) | (n = 484) | |
| Women | 71 (56%) | 185 (50%) | 225 (46%) |
| Age (years) | 45.4 (8.4) | 46.2 (9.6) | 41.6 (8.0)*** |
| Tobacco users | 69 (53%) | 83 (22%)* | 41 (9%)*** |
| Alcohol consumers | 44 (34%) | 54 (15%)* | 131 (34%) |
| Height cm | 165 (9) | 161 (8)* | 163 (9)**** |
| Weight kg | 56.8 (11.1) | 60.0 (14.2)** | 72.7 (14.6)*** |
| BMI kg/m2 | 20.7 (3.6) | 23.2 (5.2)* | 27.4 (5.6)*** |
| Obese (BMI >30) | 4 (3%) | 45 (12%)* | 165 (34%)*** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.2 (9.4) | 76.0 (15.0)* | 90.9 (12.8)*** |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 92.3 (8.1) | 86.0 (17.1)* | 98.0 (11.8)*** |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.87 (0.1) | 0.89 (0.1) | 0.93 (0.1)*** |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 118.2 (18.1) | 133.8 (24.2)* | 133.5 (24.6)*** |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 70.9 (11.1) | 79.9 (12.4)* | 82 (14)*** |
| Hypertensive (>140 or >90 mm Hg, or known hypertension), (166 (17%)) | 5 (4%) | 59 (16%)* | 102 (21%)*** |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.89 (0.94) | 3.60 (1.07)* | 4.50(1.05)*** |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/l) | 2.19 (0.74) | 2.03 (0.89)* | 2.69 (0.94)*** |
| High-density lipoprotein (mmol/l) | 1.08 (0.32) | 0.91 (0.33)* | 1.08 (0.33) |
| Total cholesterol/HDL ratio | 3.72(1.03) | 4.38(1.97)* | 4.53(1.63)*** |
| LDL/HDL-C ratio | 2.21(1.43) | 2.46(1.18)** | 2.69(1.19)*** |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.36 (0.61) | 1.45 (0.67)* | 1.61 (1.13) |
| ApoB lipoprotein (mg/100 ml) | 76.42 (22.96) | 77.18 (24.60) | 85.74 (27.37)*** |
| ApoA-1 lipoprotein (mg/100 ml) | 106.96 (25.88) | 96.88 (24.50* | 109.80 (27.37) |
| ApoB/ApoA-1 lipoprotein ratio | 0.74 (0.25) | 0.83 (0.30)* | 0.81 (0.28)**** |