Postural stability outcomes
| Authors, year | RS (n) | Control (n) | Test | Measurement method | Results (mean±SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baier et al, 199842 | 22 | 22 | Single leg stance eyes open | COP velocity, pattern and area on force platform | NS |
| Michell et al, 200646 | 16 | 16 | Single leg stance eyes open | COP excursion in AP and ML directions from force platform | NS |
| Ross et al, 20046 | 14 | 14 | Single leg stance eyes open | COP sway in ML and AP directions | NS |
| Santos et al, 200824 | 21 | 16 | Single leg stance eyes open | COP area | NS |
| Lee et al, 200644 | 8 | 8 | Single leg stance eyes open and closed | Mean radius of COP from force platform | EORS: 0.0874±0.0061 cm Control: 0.0698±0.004 ECRS: 0.0894±0.0074 cm, Control: 0.07965±0.007, p<0.05 |
| McKeon et al, 200845 | 32 | 32 matched for gender and side | Single leg stance eyes open and closed | Time to boundary of COP from forceplate in AP and ML directions | EO: NS EC: ML absolute minima RS 0.48±0.1 s, Control 0.53±0.1, p=0.03 AP absolute, mean and SD minima RS: 1.36±0.4 s, 4.71±1.14, 2.97±0.84, Control: 1.61±0.47, 5.51±1.63, 3.53±1.21, p=0.03, 0.03 and 0.03 |
| Mitchell et al, 200847 | 19 | 19 | Single leg stance eyes open and closed | Postural sway in ML and AP directions | EO: AP RS: 3.23±0.68 cm, Control dominant: 2.77±0.3, p<0.001 ML: NS EC: AP NS ML RS: 14.46±4.41 cm, Control dominant: 10.13±3.53, p<0.001 |
| Pintsaar et al, 199625 | 15 | 12 | Single leg stance eyes open on moving platform | Response latency Ankle versus hip strategy | Medial perturbations RS demonstrated less ankle movement compared to controls Other values NS |
| Rozzi et al, 199948 | 13 | 13 | Single leg stance eyes open on stable and unstable platform | Sway index | Stable platform: NS Unstable platform RS: 5.93±3.65, Control: 4.67±3.43, p<0.05 |
| Nakagawa et al, 200431 | 19 | 19 |
|
| 1 (a) RS: 84.82±12.92 cm Control: 77.07±9.6, p=0.04(b) RS: 87.7±8.43 cm Control: 81.6±8.44, p=0.032. NS |
| Bernier et al, 199741 | 9 | 9 | Dual and single leg stance, eyes open and closed under static and dynamic conditions | Sway index (SD of time and distance spent away from centre of balance) | NS |
| Fu et al, 200543 | 19 | 20 | Sensory Organisational Test (Balance with (1) EO fixed platform, (2) EC fixed platform, (3) moving visual field fixed platform, (4) EO moving platform, (5) EC moving platform, (6) moving visual field and platform) | Sway angle calculated from AP movement | Stage 3, 4 and 6: NS Stage 1 RS: 0.8±0.2° Control: 0.7±0.1 Stage 2 RS: 1.1±0.3° Control: 0.9±0.2 Stage 5 RS: 5.7±1.4° Control: 4.5±1.3, p<0.05 |
Raw data presented are either those used in the meta-analysis or where the differences between groups were statistically significant.
AP, anteroposterior; COP, centre of pressure; EC, eyes closed; EO, eyes open; ML, mediolateral; NS, not significant; RS, recurrent sprain group.