Proprioception outcomes
| Authors, year | RS (n) | Control (n) | Test | Measurement method | Results (mean±SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hartsell et al, 199738 | 12 | 24 | Active inversion joint position sense | Repositioning the same foot to 15° inversion | RS poorer joint position sense, p=0.001 |
| Konradsen et al, 200049 | 23 | 40 | Active inversion joint position sense | Repositioning the same foot to 10, 15 and 20° inversion | Absolute error RS: 2.5±0.4° Control: 1.7±0.2, p<0.01 |
| Boyle et al, 199826 | 25 | 67 |
| Repositioning the same foot to 30, 60 and 90% of total range with foot in 42° pF at approximately 5°/s *Data taken from graphs | 1. 30% position RS: 5.1±4.4°, Control: 3.1±2.4, p=0.004 Other positions NS 2. 30, 60 and 90% RS: 2.8±2.2°, 3.8±1.5, 3.7±1.7, Control: 1.6±1.4, 2.5±1.7, 2.4±1.9, p=0.003, 0.002, 0.009 respectively |
| Gross et al, 19874 | 14 | 7 |
| Repositioning the same foot to 10° eversion, 10 and 20° inversion positions at 5°/s | NS |
| Lee et al, 200644 | 8 | 8 |
| Repositioning the same foot to 10° eversion, neutral and 20° inversion at 2°/s |
|
| Willems et al, 200239 | 10 | 53 |
| Repositioning the same foot inversion angles 15° and max-5° tested with foot in 15° pF at 5°/s | NS |
| Brown et al, 200434 | 10 | 10 | Passive dF/pF, in-/eversion joint position sense | Repositioning the same foot to 10 and 90% of total ROM with varying speeds of 2–20°/s | NS |
| Santos et al, 200824 | 21 | 16 | Passive inversion joint position sense | Repositioning the same foot to 30° inversion at 5°/s | NS |
| Fu et al, 200543 | 18 | 17 | Passive pF joint position sense | Repositioning the same foot to 5° pF at 1°/s | RS: (R) 1.0±0.4°, (L) 0.8±0.2 Control: (R) 1.4±0.7, (L) 1.1±0.5, p<0.05 |
| Refshauge et al, 200051 | 25 | 18 | dF/pF movement detection | Speeds of 0.1, 0.5, 2.5°/s used | NS |
| Refshauge et al, 200350 | 39 | 30 | In/eversion movement detection | Speeds of 0.1, 0.5, 2.5°/s used | 0.1°/s RS: 5.1±0.7° Control: 4.5±0.8 0.5°/s RS: 4.1±0.9 Control: 3.4±1.0 2.5°/s RS: 1.5±0.8 Control: 1.0±0.5, p<0.01 for all velocities |
Raw data presented are either those used in the meta-analysis or where the differences between groups were statistically significant.dF, dorsiflexion; NS, not significant; pF, plantarflexion; R, right; ROM, range of motion; RS, recurrent sprain group.