Table 5

Perturbation outcomes

Authors, year	RS (n)	Control (n)	Test	Measurement method	Results (mean±SD)
Mitchell et al, 200854	19	19	Dual leg stance tilting into 3° inversion and 20° pF	Reaction time of tib ant, per long and brevis, extensor digitorum longus	1. Perturbed limb Tib ant: RS: 66.04±12.88 ms Dominant: 55.75±9.71 Per long RS: 62.82±11.27 ms Dominant: 54.77±6.46 Per brev RS: 65.46±11.15 ms Dominant: 56.86±8.05, p<0.01 for all 2. Support limb Tib ant: RS: 121.33±33.44 ms Dominant: 92.05±35.04 Per long RS: 113.26±32.51 ms Dominant: 89.95±23.85 Ext long: RS: 118.32±36.01 ms Dominant: 95.68±26.69, p<0.025 for all
Eechaute et al, 200953	40	30	Dual leg stance with 50° inversion tilt	Latency and electromechanical delay of per long, inversion time, mean and max inversion speed, first and second deceleration points	Electromech time RS: 23.6±3.9 ms Control: 19.8±2.7, p=0.001 2nd deceleration time RS: 96.1±10.8 ms Control: 101.4±9.5, p=0.04 All other values NS
Vaes et al, 200130	8	7	Dual leg stance with 50° inversion tilt	Time of total supination, first deceleration point, second deflection point, per long latency	Total supination time RS: 109.3±15.7 ms Control: 124.1±10.3, p=0.006 Latency time RS: 58.9±12.0 ms Control: 47.7±12.1, p=0.017 Other values NS
Vaes et al, 200229	40	41	Dual leg stance with 50° inversion tilt	Time of total inversion, first deceleration point, second deceleration point, per long latency, eversion movement	First deceleration point RS: 25.5±5.3 ms Control: 28.4±5.7, p<0.01 Other values NS
Brown et al 200752	20	20	Nociceptive stimulus to tibial nerve	COP excursion length, velocity, area, time to stabilisation AP and ML	AP stabilisation time RS: 0.78±0.12 s Control: 0.71±0.09, p=0.04 Other values NS
Santos et al 200828	20	18	Nociceptive stimulus to lateral ankle	Ankle and knee angles Vertical force magnitude and latency EMG of tib ant, soleus, peroneals	NS Magnitude RS: 38.81±27.49 N Control: 11.71±11.71, p<0.01 Latency RS: 107.80±29.19 ms Control: 147.97±49.76, p < 0.01 RS: Soleus activity less inhibited after perturbation

Raw data presented are either those used in the meta-analysis or where the differences between groups were statistically significant.
AP, anteroposterior; COP, centre of pressure; ML, mediolateral; NS, not significant; per brev, peroneus brevis; per long, peroneus longus; pF, plantarflexion; RS, recurrent sprain group; Tib ant, tibialis anterior.