Summary of protocols' characteristics that evaluated the effectiveness of exercise-induced dehydration on TT performances
| References (alphabetical order) | No of subjects, gender and age | Exercise protocol | Ambient temperature (°C) | Relative humidity level (%) | End-of-exercise body-weight loss/gain (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bachle et al4 | 10 recreationally trained subjects, 4 men, 6 women, 29±6 years | 1 h self-paced laboratory-based cycling TT | 21 | 72 | Experimental group: –1.0Control group: +0.8 |
| Backx et al5 | 8 trained cyclists, 8 men, 0 woman, 29±7 years | 1 h self-paced laboratory-based cycling TT | 20 | 70 | Backx et al (2003a*) LF trial: –1.7 FAM trial: –0.9Backx et al (2003b) MF trial: –1.3 HF trial: –0.7Backx et al (2003c) LF trial: –1.7 HF trial: –0.7Backx et al (2003d) MF trial: –1.34 FAM trial: –0.88 |
| Dugas et al7 | 6 highly trained cyclists, 6 men, 0 woman; 23±4 years | 80 km long cycling TT | 33 | 50 | Dugas et al (2009a) 0 trial: –4.3 100 trial: –0.5Dugas et al (2008b) 33 trial: –2.9 100 trial: –0.5Dugas et al (2008c) Ad Lib trial: –2.1 100 trial: –0.5Dugas et al (2008d) 66 trial: –1.9 100 trial: –0.5Dugas et al (2008e) WET trial: –3.9 100 trial: –0.5 |
| Kay and Marino6 | 7 healthy cyclists, 6 men, 1 woman, 21±3 years | 1 h self-paced laboratory-based cycling TT | Moderate F vs NF:19.8; Warm F vs NF:33.2 | All trials: 63 | Marino et al (2003a) Warm NF trial: –2.2 Warm F trial: 0Marino et al (2003b) Moderate NF trial: –1.8 Moderate F trial: 0 |
| Robinson et al3 | 8 endurance-trained subjects, 8 men, 0 woman, 26±4 years | 1 h self-paced laboratory-based cycling TT | 20 | 60 | Experimental group: –2.3Control group: –0.9 |
0, no fluid; 33, 33% fluid replacement; 66, 66% fluid replacement; 100, 100% fluid replacement; Ad Lib, ad libitum drinking; F, fluid; FAM, familiarisation; HF, high fluid; LF, low fluid; MF, medium fluid; NF, no fluid; TT, time trial; WET, mouth rinsing only;* letters match those found in the Forest plot.