Participant demographics and baseline measures
| Characteristic | Intervention (n = 20) | Control (n = 20) | Total (n = 40) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) of women | 15 (75) | 14 (70) | 29 (72.5) | 0.731 |
| Age (years) | 30.4 (5.47) | 28.5 (5.89) | 29.47 (5.7) | 0.285 |
| Height (cm)* | 167.58 (16.04) | 172.63 (8.99) | 170.11 (13.08) | 0.227 |
| Weight (kg)* | 78.16 (12.7) | 70.51 (10.85) | 71.07 (11.59) | 0.709 |
| Body mass index* | 26.44 (9.72) | 23.6 (2.7) | 24.99 (7.18) | 0.207 |
| No bilateral knee pain | 5 | 4 | 9 | 0.714 |
| Median (IQR) duration of knee pain (months) | 36 (12–96) | 48 (24–97.5) | 36 (16.5–97.5) | 0.557 |
| Foot length (cm)* | 25.66 (1.38) | 25.54 (1.51) | 25.6 (1.43) | 0.795 |
| Midfoot width WB (mm)* | 84.59 (5.46) | 85.3 (6.76) | 84.94 (6.07) | 0.717 |
| Midfoot width NWB (mm)* | 73.35 (5.01) | 72.58 (5.28) | 72.97 (5.09) | 0.637 |
| Arch height WB (mm)* | 66.16 (6.36) | 66.56 (5.41) | 66.36 (5.83) | 0.832 |
| Arch height NWB (mm)* | 80.17 (5.19) | 81.8 (5.67) | 80.99 (5.42) | 0.347 |
| Difference midfoot width (mm)* | 11.24 (1.9) | 12.72 (2.87) | 11.98 (2.52) | 0.062 |
| Difference arch height (mm)* | −13.81 (2.75) | −15.19 (3.14) | −14.5 (3) | 0.149 |
| Foot mobility measure (mm)* | 17.94 (2.46) | 19.93 (3.65) | 18.93 (3.23) | 0.053 |
| Usual pain† | 21.95 (12.37) | 31.9 (20.69) | 26.92 (17.56) | 0.073 |
| Worst pain† | 50.3 (20.2) | 56.65 (19.44) | 53.47 (19.83) | 0.317 |
| Kujala Patellofemoral Score‡ | 84 (7.97) | 80.7 (6.92) | 82.35 (7.56) | 0.170 |
↵* Included in Classification Tree. Due to the withdrawal of 1 subject, the orthoses group values became: Height 171.8 (8.3); Weight 72.16 (12.7); BMI 24.3 (2.8); foot length 57.72 (1.4); midfoot width 84.66 (5.6); midfoot width NWB 73.38 (5.1); arch height 66.64 (6.2); arch height NWB 80.69 (4.8); DiffMFW 11.28 (1.9); DiffAH –13.84 (2.8); FMM 17.99 (2.5).
↵† Pain measured on 100 mm visual analogue scale 0 mm = no pain, 100 mm = worst pain imaginable.
↵‡ 0–100 points; 100 = no disability.
NWB, non-weight bearing; WB, weight bearing.