Table 3

Mean (SD) and mean difference (95% CI) between groups for secondary outcome measures adjusted for baseline values

Outcome	Orthosis (n = 19)	Control (n = 20)	Mean differences	SMD
KPS^*	87.81 (9.32)	83.68 (7.81)	4.13 (−0.06 to 8.33)	0.44
PSFS^*	6.9 (2.05)	5.43 (1.49)	1.42 (0.56 to 2.37)^†	0.71
Worst pain^‡	39.8 (22.2)	49.4 (24.2)	−9.62 (−24.8 to 5.63)	0.4
Usual pain^‡	22.1 (13.1)	28.07 (20.8)	−5.99 (−17.9 to 6.02)	0.34

↵* Positive score favour orthoses group.
↵‡ Negative score favours to orthoses group.
↵† Significant to a p = 0.002 level.
KPS, Kujala Patellofemoral Score; PSFS, Patient Specific Function Scale; SMD, standardised mean difference.