Exercise programmes applied in the included articles
| Exercises | Stretching | |
|---|---|---|
| Denton et al15 | Three phases of quadriceps strengthening exercises | Quadriceps, hamstring, iliotibial band and hip flexors |
| Miller et al19 | Closed kinetic chain exercises, VMO strengthening | VMO |
| Lun et al18 | A progressive six-stage drop squat programme | Quadriceps, hamstring, spinal rotation, supine hip external rotation |
| Whittingham et al20 | Non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing exercises | Quadriceps, hamstring, iliotibial band and gastrocnemius |
| Clark et al13 | Wall squats, sit to stand, gluteus muscles, progressive step down, proprioceptive balance exercises | Quadriceps, hamstring, iliotibial band and gastrocnemius |
| Kowall et al17 | Progressive isometric, isotonic and isokinetic exercises | Quadriceps, hamstrings |
| Collins et al14 | Muscle strengthening of vasti muscle and hip external rotator | Stretches of hamstring and anterior hip |
| Eng and Pierrynowski16 | Isometric quadriceps femoris muscle contractions and straight leg raising | Quadriceps and hamstring |
VMO, Vastus Medialis Obliquus.