Symptom profile of non-concussed population at rest
| Study | Sample size (mean age) | Scale | Items | Rating | Symptom profile | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS mean (SD) | Symptom Severity Scores | Endorsements | |||||||||||
| Max score | Mean (SD) | Range | |||||||||||
| Combined | Male | Female | Combined | Male | Female | ||||||||
| Gouvier et al53 | 49 (19.4 Years) | PCL | 37 | Y/N | NR | NA | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Often impatient – 2% |
| Often looses temper – 37% | |||||||||||||
| Difficulty becoming interested – 36% | |||||||||||||
| Gouvier et al91 | 50 (19.1 Years) | PCL | 37 | Y/N | 7.7 (5.4) | NA | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| PCL | 17 | Y/N | 3.7 (3.0) | NA | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| PCS | |||||||||||||
| Wong et al92 | 88 (19 Years) | PCL | 37 | Y/N | 14.0 (6.8) | NA | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Ringing in the ears – 49% |
| Trouble remembering things – 47% | |||||||||||||
| Often have headaches – 43% | |||||||||||||
| PCL | 17 | Y/N | 6.3 (3.3) | NA | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| PCS | |||||||||||||
| Machulda et al93 | 179 (20.7 Years) | SRS | 37 | 5-PL | 18.1 (6.2) | 148 | 27.5 (14.0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Anxiety – 87% |
| Fatigue – 83% | |||||||||||||
| Concentration difficulty – 80% | |||||||||||||
| Chan85 | 85 (33.9 Years) | RPSC | 16 | 5-PL | NR | 64 | 9.4 (8.0) | NR | NR | 0 - 31 | NR | NR | Longer time to think – 66% |
| Poor concentration – 59% | |||||||||||||
| Forgetfulness – 59% | |||||||||||||
| Iverson and Lange86 | 104 (23.4 Years) | BC-PSI-Sf | 13 | 6-PL | 7.1 (3.5) | 65 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Fatigue – 76% |
| Irritability – 72% | |||||||||||||
| Feeling sad – 61% | |||||||||||||
| Covassin et al34 | 1209 (NR) | PCS (ImP) | 22 | 7-PL | NR | 132 | NR | 7.3 (11.5) | 10.1 (12.4) | NR | NR | NR | Fatigue – 49%* |
| Headache – 34%* | |||||||||||||
| Sleeping less than usual – 33%* | |||||||||||||
| Lovell et al83 | 1746 (NR) | PCS (ImP) | 22 | 7-PL | NR | 132 | NR | 4.6 (7.7) | 7.9 (11.5) | NR | 0–56 | 0–78 | NR |
| Wang et al94 | 124 (22.7 Years) | RPSC | 16 | 5-PL | NR | 64 | 9.3 (NR) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Fatigue – 77% |
| Longer time to think – 60% | |||||||||||||
| Poor concentration – 59% | |||||||||||||
| Shehata et al87 | 260 (20.5 Years) | SCAT PCS | 25 | 7-PL | NR | 150 | 4.2 (NR) | 3.5 (NR) | 6.3 (NR) | NR | NR | NR | Fatigue – 37% |
| Drowsiness – 23% | |||||||||||||
| Neck pain – 20% | |||||||||||||
| Garden et al37 | 93 (NR) | BC-PSI-Sf | 13 | 6-PL | NR | 65 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Headache – 83% |
| Fatigue – 82% | |||||||||||||
| Irritability – 78% | |||||||||||||
| Garden and Sullivan36 | 96 (NR) | BC-PSI-Sf | 13 | 6-PL | NR | 65 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Headache – 81% |
| Fatigue – 81% | |||||||||||||
| Irritability – 78% | |||||||||||||
| Piland et al95 | 1065 (19.8 Years) | HIS | 9 | 7-PL | NR | 54 | 4.7 (6.0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Fatigue – 45% |
| Drowsiness – 39% | |||||||||||||
| Headache – 38% | |||||||||||||
↵* Females.
BC-CRP PCS, British Columbia Concussion Rehabilitation Programme Postconcussion Scale; BC-PSI-Sf, British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory-Short From; Combined, males and females; HIS, Head Injury Scale; NR, not reported; PCL, Postconcussion Checklist; PCS, Postconcussion Symptom Scale; PCS (ImP), ImPACT Postconcussion Symptom Scale; PL, point Likert Scale; RPSC, Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Checklist; SCAT PCS, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Postconcussion Symptom Scale; SRS, Symptom Rating Scale; SS, Symptom Score.