Maternal characteristics
| EG (n=40) | CG (n=43) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal age (year) | 32±4 | 31±3 | >0.05 |
| Body mass index before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 22.7±2.8 | 23±2.9 | >0.05 |
| Smoking habits (n/%) | |||
| Yes | 2/5 | 3/7 | >0.05 |
| No | 27/67.5 | 27/62.8 | |
| Before pregnancy, not now | 11/27.5 | 13/30.2 | |
| Alcohol intake (n/%) | |||
| Yes | 2/5 | 3/7 | >0.05 |
| No | 38/95 | 40/93 | |
| Occupational activity (n/%) | |||
| Sedentary job | 21/52.5 | 23/53.5 | >0.05 |
| Housewife | 4/10 | 7/16.3 | |
| Active job | 15/37.5 | 13/30.2 | |
| Hours standing (n/%) | |||
| >3 h | 18/45 | 17/39.5 | >0.05 |
| <3 h | 22/55 | 26/60.5 | |
| Maternal education (n/%) | |||
| <High school | 0/0 | 16/37.2 | <0.05 |
| High school | 7/17.5 | 21/48.8 | |
| >High school | 33/82.5 | 6/14 | |
| Parity | |||
| 0 gestation before | 26/65 | 21/48.8 | >0.05 |
| 1 gestation before | 11/27.5 | 18/41.9 | |
| >1 gestation before | 3/7.5 | 4/9.3 | |
| Exercise habits before gestation | >0.05 | ||
| Sedentary | 8/20 | 14/32.6 | |
| Some active | 9/22.5 | 12/27.9 | |
| Active | 17/42.5 | 13/30.2 | |
| Very active | 6/15 | 4/9.3 | |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated.
CG, control group; EG, exercise group.