Injury and illness incidence, location, system affected, cause and type
| Handball n=156(%) | Sepaktakraw n=127(%) | Soccer n=157(%) | Volleyball n=106(%) | Water polo n=35(%) | Jet ski n=53(%) | Sailing n=78(%) | Kabaddi n=83(%) | Wood ball n=95(%) | Marathon swimming n=53(%) | Tent pegging n=42(%) | Body building n=42(%) | Triathlon n=44(%) | Water ski n=60(%) | Total n=1132(%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injuries | 33(21.2) | 20(15.7) | 37(23.6) | 14(13.2) | 6(17.1) | 5(9.4) | 10(12.8) | 20(24.1) | 6(6.3) | 4(7.5) | 15(35.7) | 2(4.8) | 2(4.5) | 3(5.0) | 177(15.6) |
| Injury location | |||||||||||||||
| Foot/toe | 2 | 3 | 14 | 1 | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 25(14.1) |
| Thigh | 1 | – | 9 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | – | 14(7.9) |
| Shoulder/clavicle | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | – | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 14(7.9) |
| Knee | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11(6.2) |
| Lumbar spine/lower back | 1 | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 14(7.9) |
| Finger | 3 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | 9(5.1) |
| Thoracic spine/upper back | 1 | – | 5 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 9(5.1) |
| Thumb | 5 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | 8(4.5) |
| Lower leg | 2 | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | – | 2 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 8(4.5) |
| Ankle | 3 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 8(4.5) |
| Face(including: eye, ear, nose) | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 6(3.4) |
| Wrist | 3 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | 12(6.8) |
| Hand | 2 | 3 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 7(4.0) |
| Upper arm | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 9(5.1) |
| Elbow | 1 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 2 | – | – | – | 6(3.4) |
| Head | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 3(1.7) |
| Neck/cervical spine | – | 2 | – | – | – | 1 | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5(2.8) |
| Pelvis/sacrum/buttock | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 2(1.1) |
| Achilles tendon | – | 4 | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 7(4.0) |
| Injury type | |||||||||||||||
| Sprain | 10 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 9 | – | 1 | 4 | – | – | – | 47(26.6) |
| Strain | 3 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | 23(13.0) |
| Contusion, haematoma | 10 | – | 4 | – | 1 | – | 2 | 3 | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | 23(13.0) |
| Laceration/abrasion | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | – | – | 6 | 1 | 1 | – | 27(15.3) |
| Fracture | 1 | 3 | 2 | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 9(5.1) |
| Dislocation/subluxation | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9(5.1) |
| Muscle cramps/spasms | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 8(4.5) |
| Tendinosis | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6(3.4) |
| Meniscus | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2(1.1) |
| Arthritis/synovitis/bursitis | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1(0.6) |
| Concussion | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1(0.6) |
| Other | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | – | 1 | 1 | 21(11.9) |
| Injury cause | |||||||||||||||
| Contact/another athlete | 15 | 1 | 11 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 13 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 42(23.7) |
| Overuse (sudden onset) | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 30(16.9) |
| Overuse (gradual onset) | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | – | 1 | 3 | – | 3 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 25(14.1) |
| Field or play conditions | 3 | – | 8 | 2 | 1 | – | 1 | 3 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | 21(11.9) |
| Other | 1 | – | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 1 | 12(6.8) |
| Recurrence of old trauma | – | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | 13(7.3) |
| Weather conditions | 1 | – | 6 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9(5.1) |
| Non-contact trauma | 2 | 4 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 9(5.1) |
| Contact/moving object | 2 | 3 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | 8(4.5) |
| Contact/stagnant object | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | 5(2.8) |
| Violation of rules | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3(1.7) |
| *Illness | 22(14.1) | 8(6.3) | 30(19.1) | 7(6.6) | 3(8.6) | 1(1.9) | 5(6.4) | 1(1.2) | – | 3(5.7) | 6(14.3) | – | 1(2.3) | – | 87(73.7) |
| Illness affected system | |||||||||||||||
| Respiratory | 13 | 3 | 10 | 4 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 1 | – | 34(39.1) |
| Other (allergic/urogenital/gynaecological, cardiovascular/neurological/dental) | 4 | – | 6 | 2 | 2 | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | 20(23.0) |
| Gastrointestinal | 2 | 5 | 7 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 16(18.4) |
| Musculoskeletal | 1 | – | 3 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 9(10.3) |
| Dermatologic | 2 | – | 4 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 8(9.2) |
| Illness symptoms | |||||||||||||||
| Pain | 8 | – | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 4 | – | – | – | 29(33.3) |
| Other (dehydration/anaphylaxis, lethargy, dizziness) | 6 | 5 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 29(33.3) |
| Fever | 5 | – | 4 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 12(13.8) |
| Diarrhoea, vomiting | 1 | – | 5 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10(11.5) | |
| Dyspnoea, cough | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 7(8.0) | ||
| Illness cause | |||||||||||||||
| Infection | 13 | 8 | 10 | 1 | 2 | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | 4 | – | 1 | – | 33(38.0) |
| Other | 7 | – | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | – | 1 | 5 | – | – | – | 23(26.4) |
| Environmental | 1 | – | 9 | 3 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | 17(19.5) |
| Exercise-induced | 1 | – | 6 | 2 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | 2 | – | – | – | 14(16.1) |
↵* Information of 31 illnesses was missing.