Description of studies
| Study | Timing | N | Intervention | Length (weeks) | Primary outcome | Other outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aerobic exercise only | ||||||
| Courneya et al, 2003 | After | 53 | Supervised aerobic (cycling) | 15 | Aerobic fitness (VO2peak) | Aerobic fitness (GXT; VO2 and PO at VE O2/VE CO2); body composition (BW, BMI, sum of skinfolds) |
| Daley et al, 2007 | After | 18 | Supervised aerobic or placebo | 8 (F/U 24) | NA | Self-reported PA; aerobic fitness (SSWT); body composition (BW, %BF) |
| Drouin et al, 2005 | During | 20 | Home-based aerobic (walking) | 7 | Aerobic fitness (VO2peak); fatigue | |
| Irwin et al, 2009 | After | 75 | Supervised + home-based aerobic | 24 | NA | Body composition (BW, WC, HC, BF, LBM, BMD, BMC) |
| Kim et al, 2006 | During | 41 | Supervised aerobic | 8 | RHR, Max HR, RBP, Max BP; aerobic fitness (VO2peak) | Self-reported PA; adherence |
| Matthews et al, 2007 | After | 36 | Home-based aerobic (walking) | 12 | NA | Self-reported PA; body composition (BW, BF) |
| Mock et al, 1994 | During | 14 | Home-based aerobic (walking) + support group | NR | NA | Aerobic fitness (12 MWT); KPS |
| Mock et al, 1997 | During | 46 | Home-based aerobic (walking) | 6 | NA | Aerobic fitness (12 MWT); fatigue; adherence |
| Mock et al, 2005 | During | 119 | Home-based aerobic (walking) | 6–24 (treatment duration) | Fatigue | Aerobic fitness (12 MWT); self-reported PA |
| Nikander et al, 2007 | During | 30 | Supervised + home-based aerobic | 12 | Figure 8 running, strength | Aerobic fitness (2 km walk time); self- reported PA; ground reaction forces |
| Pinto et al, 2003 | After | 24 | Supervised aerobic | 12 | NA | Aerobic fitness (GXT): BP and HR (resting, 75 W and maximal W) |
| Pinto et al, 2005 | After | 86 | Home-based aerobic | 12 (F/U 24–36) | Aerobic fitness (1-mile walk) | Self-reported and objective PA; body composition (BMI, BW, BF) |
| Rogers et al, 2009 | After | 41 | Supervised to home-based aerobic (walking) | 12 | Feasibility | Aerobic fitness (submaximal exercise test); self-reported PA; strength; body composition (BMI, WC, HC, BF, BMD) |
| Segal et al, 2001 | During | 123 | Supervised or home-based aerobic (walking) | 26 | NA | Aerobic fitness (mCAFT); BW |
| Resistance exercise only | ||||||
| Schmitz et al, 2005 | After | 85 | Supervised resistance | 52 | Body composition (%BF and LBM) | Body composition (BW, BMI, BF, WC); fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, IGF-axis proteins |
| Schmitz et al, 2009 | After | 141 | Supervised resistance | 52 | Change in arm/hand swelling | Lymphoedema exacerbation; strength, body composition (BW, BMI, %BF, FM, LBM); self-reported PA |
| Twiss et al, 2009 | After | 223 | Home-based resistance | 104 (F/U 156) | BMD | Strength; balance; falls incidence |
| Aerobic and/or resistance exercise | ||||||
| Battaglini et al, 2007 | During | 20 | Supervised aerobic + resistance | 16 | NA | Body composition (%LBM, & %BF); strength |
| Campbell et al, 2005 | During | 22 | Supervised (group) aerobic + resistance | 12 | NA | Aerobic fitness (12 MWT); self-reported PA; fatigue |
| Courneya et al, 2007 | During | 242 | Supervised aerobic or supervised resistance (3-arm trial) | ~17 (chemotherapy duration) | NA | Aerobic fitness (VO2max); strength; body composition (BW, BF, LBM); lymphoedema; chemotherapy completion |
| Demark-Wahnefried et al, 2008 | During | 90 | Home-based aerobic + resistance (mail/phone) | 24 | Feasibility | Body composition (BW, BMI, WC, BF, FM, LBM, BMD); self-reported PA and accelerometer data |
| Herrero et al, 2005 | After | 16 | Supervised aerobic + resistance | 8 | NA | Aerobic fitness (VO2peak) strength; sit- stand test; body composition (BW, FM, LBM, %BF) |
| Heim et al, 2007 | During | 63 | Home-based aerobic (walking) + resistance | Inpatient rehabilitation duration (F/U 12) | NA | Aerobic fitness (step test) strength; fatigue |
| Ligibel et al, 2008 | After | 82 | Home-based aerobic + supervised resistance | 16 | Fasting insulin levels | Body composition (BW, BMI, WC, HC, BF); adherence |
| Milne et al, 2008 | After | 58 | Supervised aerobic + resistance | 12 (F/U 18–24) | NA | Aerobic fitness (submaximal cycle test) strength; fatigue |
| Mutrie et al, 2007 | During | 203 | Supervised (group) aerobic + resistance | 12 (F/U 24) | NA | Aerobic fitness (12 MWT); BMI; shoulder mobility test |
| Nieman et al, 1995 | During | 16 | Supervised aerobic + resistance | 8 | Natural killer cell cytotoxic activity | Aerobic fitness (6 MWT, HR at fixed submaximal load); strength |
| Schwartz et al, 2007 | During | 66 | Home-based aerobic or resistance (3-arm trial) | 24 | BMD | Aerobic fitness (12 MWT); strength |
| Yuen and Sword, 2007 | After | 22 | Home-based aerobic or resistance (3-arm trial) | 12 | Fatigue | Aerobic fitness (6 MWT) |
Timing, is in relation to adjuvant treatment; NA, used if primary outcome was a psychosocial outcome, self-reported usual physical activity, or was not identified.
6 MWT, 6-minute walk test; 12 MWT, 12-minute walk test; BC, body composition; BF, body fat; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BW, body weight; F/U, follow-up; FM, fat mass; GXT, graded exercise test; HC, hip circumference; HR, heart rate; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale; LBM, lean body mass; mCAFT, Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test; PA, physical activity; PO, power output; RBP, resting blood pressure; RHR, resting heart rate; SSWT, single stage walk test; Sup, supervised; VE O2/VE CO2, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen/ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; VO2, oxygen consumption; W, watts; WC, waist circumference.