Alterations in morphology and function in the athletic heart1
| Parameter | Athlete | Non-athlete |
|---|---|---|
| Left ventricular morphology (Echo) | ||
| IVSd (mm) | 8–16 | 6–10 |
| LVIDd (mm) | 49–73 | 42–59 |
| LVM (g) | 113–618 | 88–224 |
| Left ventricular volumes/EF (Echo) | ||
| LVEDV (ml) | 130–260 | 67–155 |
| EF (%) | 41–77 | >55 |
| Tissue Doppler | ||
| Sm (cm/s) | 6.5–14 | >6 |
| Em (cm/s) | 7.5–16 | >8 |
| LA size (mm) | 22–55 | 30–40 |
| Right ventricular function | ||
| RVFAC (%) | 26–60 | 32–60 |
| Volumes/EF | ||
| RVEDV (ml) | 130–260 | 60–150 |
| RVEF (%) | >45 | >50 |
LVIDd, left ventricular internal dimension at diastole; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; Sm, peak systolic velocity; Em, peak early diastolic velocity; LA, left atrium; RVFAC, right ventricular functional area change; RVEDV, right ventricular end-diastolic volume; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction.