Cardiovascular events and risk factors from AS use
| Event/risk factor | Case study | Cohort study |
|---|---|---|
| Stroke | ✓ 10 | X |
| Myocardial infarction | ✓ 12 | X |
| Sudden death | ✓ 13 | X |
| Thromboembolism | ✓ 14 | X |
| Cardiac hypertrophy | ✓ 15 | X |
| Cardiomyopathy | ✓16 | X |
| Endocarditis | ✓ 17 | X |
| Atrial fibrillation | ✓ 18 | X |
| Heart failure | ✓ 19 | X |
| Subdural haematoma | ✓ 20 | X |
| Elevated blood pressure | ✓ 21 | ✓ 22 |
| Decreased HDL | ✓ 23 | ✓ 24 |
| C-Reactive protein | X | ✓ 25 |
AS, anabolic steroids; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.