Population sources, activities, muscles and variables evaluated in each included study
| Paper | Population source | Functional activity | Muscles (method) | EMG variable |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aminaka et al36 | University student population and surrounding community | Stair (18 cm) ascent and descent at slef-selected speed | GMed (surface) | Onset timing (threshold of 3 SD increase in EMG activity from resting) |
| Duration of activity | ||||
| Brindle et al39 | University student population and surrounding community | Stair (18 cm) ascent and descent at natural speed | GMed (surface) | Onset timing (threshold of 5 SD increase in EMG activity from resting) |
| Duration of activity | ||||
| Average magnitude of activity (%MVC—linear envelope from onset to offset) | ||||
| Boling et al34 | One university clinic and university population | Stair (20 cm) ascent and descent at 96 steps/min | GMed (surface) | Onset timing (threshold of 3 SD increase in EMG activity from resting) |
| Duration of activity | ||||
| Cowan et al32 | Not reported | Stair (22 cm) ascent (single step up as quickly as possible in response to visual prompt) | Ant. GMed (surface) | Onset (indentified visually) |
| Post. GMed (intramuscular) | Peak magnitude (%MVC) | |||
| Earl et al33 | Three local physical therapy and sports medicine clinics | Lateral step down (20.3 cm) with a 1 s descent | GMed (surface) | Onset timing (threshold of 3 SD increase in EMG activity from resting) |
| Nakagawa et al38 | Single physical therapy clinic | Stair (20 cm) descent at 96 steps/min | GMed (surface) | Onset timing (threshold of 2 SD increase in EMG activity from resting) |
| Single leg jump as high as possible | Average magnitude of activity (%MVC—linear envelope from onset to foot strike) | |||
| Ott et al40 | Not reported | Single leg anterior reaching task | GMed (surface) | Average magnitude of activity (normalised to quiet unilateral stance—average over period from 500 ms prior to heel strike until heel strike) |
| Saad et al37 | Not reported | Stair (20 cm) ascent and descent at natural speed | GMed (surface) | Average magnitude of activity (linear envelope for the duration of activity) |
| Souza and Powers35 | Convenience, local physical therapy and orthopaedic clinics | Over ground running (15 m run-way) at 3 m/s | GMed (surface) | Average magnitude of activity (%MVC—average over stance period) |
| Stair (10% body height) descent—step down over a 2 s period | GMax (surface) | |||
| Double leg drop jump landing (35 cm) | ||||
| Willson et al31 | Three area universities and two community fitness centres | Over ground running (20 m run-way) at between 3.52 and 3.89 m/s | GMed (surface) | Onset timing (threshold of 5 SD increase in EMG activity from resting) |
| GMax (surface) | Duration of activity | |||
| Peak magnitude (%MVC) | ||||
| Average magnitude of activity (%MVC—linear envelope from onset to offset) |
EMG, electromyography; GMax, gluteus maximus; GMed, gluteus medius; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction.