Reference | Study design | Sample | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First author | Year | Study type | Measure | Sports | Age/level | M/F | Concussed N | Controls N | Findings |
Galetta72 | 2011 | CCS CrS | King-Devick Test (K-D) | BX/MMA | O | M/F | 39 | NA | There were no differences in prefight K-D scores across groups, with slightly lower mean time scores in the second prefight testing session. ICC for two prefight sessions was 0.97. Postfight K-D time scores were significantly worse for participants with head trauma during the match (as determined by an independent ringside physician; n=8; p<0.0001). Among head trauma individuals, participants with LOC (n=4) had even higher (worse) postfight K-D scores. Worse postfight K-D scores and greater worsening of scores were correlated with postfight Military Acute Concussion Evaluation scores. Worsening by 5 s or more was a distinguishing characteristic noted only among the participants with head trauma |
Galetta73 | 2011 | CCS | K-D Test | FB, SCR, BB | M/F | 10 | NA | For the 10 athletes who had concussions, K-D testing on the sidelines showed a significant worsening from baseline (46.9 vs 37.0 s, p=0.009), with all except one athlete demonstrating a worsening from baseline (median 5.9 s) | |
Pearson74 | 2007 | CR | Saccadometer (measure of visual response) | BX | NA | M | 12 | 0 | A tally of blows to the head was used as a measure of trauma (no actually measured concussion). 7 min after the match, the trend was that the more blows there were to the head, the greater would be the increase in latency of saccades. Latency returned to normal levels over a few days |
Johnson52 | 2002 | CCS | Cybex Reactor agility task | RB, IH | C | M/F | 9 | 9 | There was no significant difference in the time to complete the agility task between the injured individuals and controls at 1, 3, 5 or 10 days postconcussion |
Author, the last name of the first author; No., reference number; year, the year of publication.
Study type is coded as follows (per the Oxford Centre for Evidence based Medicine): CCS, case control studies (retrospective); CR, case reports; CrS, cross-sectional studies; CS, clinical series (some kind of control, including historical controls); PHC, prospective and historical cohort studies; RCT, randomised clinical trials.
Measures refer to specific tests (eg, SCAT2, BESS, etc).
Sports coded as follows: BX, boxing; FB, football; FH, field hockey; IH, ice hockey; LX, lacrosse; OT, other; RB, rugby; SCR, soccer; WR, wrestling.
Age/level is coded as follows: C, college; HS, high school; O, other; P, professional; Y, youth.
F/M indicates gender: F, female and M, male; list both if it applies.