Summary of studies reporting symptoms at baseline
| Paper | Subject characteristics | Scale used | Results | Common symptoms reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covassin et al26 | 1209 Collegiate athletes | PCS (ImPACT) | Mean total symptom score (±SD): males: 7.3 (±11.5), females 7.9 (±12.4) | Fatigue, headache, sleep disturbance, difficulty concentrating |
| Lovell et al50 | 1746 High school and university student athletes | PCS (ImPACT) | Mean total symptom score (±SD): males 4.6 (±7.7), females 7.9 (±11.5) | NR |
| Shehata et al51 | 260 University athletes | SCAT | Mean total symptom score: males 3.52, females 6.39 | Fatigue/low-energy, drowsiness, neck pain, difficulty concentrating, difficulty remembering |
| Piland et al27 | 1065 Collegiate athletes | HIS | Mean total symptom score (±SD): 4.72 (±6.07) No significant differences between males and females | Fatigue, drowsiness, headache, trouble falling asleep, difficulty concentrating |
| Schneider et al52 | 4193 Youth hockey players | SCAT2 | Median total symptom score 0–8 (range 0–108) No significant difference between males and females | Fatigue/low energy, headache |
| Jinguji et al53 | 214 High school athletes | SCAT2 | Average number of symptoms score=2.25 No significant differences between males and females | Fatigue, trouble falling asleep, difficulty concentrating, difficulty remembering |
HIS, Head Injury Scale (9 items, 7-point Likert scale); NR, not reported; PCS, Postconcussion Symptom Scale; SCAT, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool.