Characteristics in the exercise and usual care (control) groups
| Exercise (n=210) | Control (n=218) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal age (years) | 31±3 | 31±4 | 0.906 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1±4.1 | 23.7±3.8 | 0.354 |
| Occupational activity (n, %) | 0.422 | ||
| Sedentary job | 73 (34.8) | 85 (39) | |
| Housewives | 56 (26.7) | 62 (28.4) | |
| Active job | 81 (38.6) | 71 (32.6) | |
| Maternal education (n, %) | 0.108 | ||
| <High school | 54 (25.7) | 75 (34.4) | |
| High school | 98 (46.7) | 96 (44) | |
| >High school | 58 (27.6) | 47 (21.6) | |
| Weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | 11.6±3.7 | 13.3±4.1 | <0.001 |
| 2 h glucose (mg/dl) | 116.8±29.8 | 123.86±28.6 | 0.012 |
| GDM WHO criteria* (n, %) | 41 (19.5) | 61 (28) | 0.040 |
| GDM IADPSG criteria** (n, %) | 29 (13.8) | 32 (14.7) | 0.797 |
| Newborn characteristics | |||
| Birth weight (g) | 3,201±446 | 3,257±469 | 0.208 |
| Macrosomia (birth weight >4000 g (n, %) | 2 (1) | 15 (6.9) | 0.002 |
| Apgar score 1 min | 8.8±1.4 | 8.7±1.3 | 0.313 |
| Agpar score 5 min | 9.9±0.5 | 9.9±0.7 | 0.292 |
| Gestational age (days) | 277±11 | 277±10 | 0.942 |
| Caesarean delivery (n, %) | 33 (15.7) | 45 (20.6) | 0.187 |
Data are expressed as mean±SD, unless otherwise indicated. We analysed continuous and nominal data with Student's t test for unpaired data and the χ2 test, respectively. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus. WHO criteria when 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (‘2 h glucose’) ≥140 mg/dl. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria when 2 h glucose ≥153 mg/dl.