Comparisons of all 52 players divided into four blood pressure subgroups defined by office and ambulatory blood pressure
| Normotension ABP (n=28) | Hypertension ABP (n=24) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | True normotension (n=17) | White coat hypertension (n=11) | Masked hypertension (n=9) | Sustained hypertension (n=15) | p Value |
| Age (years) | 27.7 (4.2) | 29.5 (3.6) | 28.7 (4.6) | 27.7 (4.0) | 0.95 |
| Heart rate, daytime (beats/min) | 63.7 (9.8) | 60.3 (6.6) | 65.4 (3.4) | 62.6 (8.0) | 0.98 |
| Office blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
| Systolic | 114.4 (3.6) | 142.2 (8.7) | 113.9 (4.2) | 145.4 (6.4) | NC |
| Diastolic | 69.2 (5.9) | 75.6 (9.7) | 67.6 (7.5) | 77.9 (8.6) | NC |
| Ambulatory blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
| Daytime | |||||
| Systolic | 127.6 (4.9) | 131.1 (3.5) | 138.9 (5.2)***** | 143.4 (4.6)******* | NC |
| Diastolic | 74.8 (4.5) | 78.6 (3.8) | 84.2 (7.9)*** | 85.3 (4.9)***** | NC |
| Mean arterial pressure | 92.4 (3.8) | 96.1 (3.0) | 102.5 (6.2)***** | 104.6 (4.3)******* | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure | 52.7 (5.7) | 52.5 (4.4) | 54.7 (7.5) | 58.1 (4.6)* | <0.01 |
| 24 h | |||||
| Systolic | 125.6 (4.2) | 131.1 (5.9)* | 136.2 (5.0)*** | 141.7 (4.2)******* | <0.001 |
| Diastolic | 72.6 (4.7) | 77.1 (5.4) | 80.8 (7.0)* | 82.4 (4.8)*** | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 89.9 (3.9) | 94.8 (4.9)* | 98.9 (5.3)*** | 101.8 (4.1)***** | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure | 53.0 (5.0) | 54.0 (5.6) | 55.4 (7.5) | 59.3 (4.4) § | <0.01 |
| Night-time | |||||
| Systolic | 119.2 (7.6) | 128.6 (12.2)* | 129.9 (5.7)* | 136.3 (6.2)*** | <0.001 |
| Diastolic | 64.9 (6.3) | 71.5 (10.2) | 71.1 (10.7) | 73.2 (6.3)* | <0.01 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 83.0 (6.2) | 90.5 (10.2) | 90.7 (7.7) | 94.2 (5.5)* | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure | 54.3 (5.4) | 57.1 (8.6) | 58.8 (11.4) | 63.0 (6.2)* | <0.01 |
Values are shown as the mean (SD) or n (%). Differences in means between all blood pressure subgroups were calculated using the analysis of variance test for trend for continuous variables and the linear-by-linear analysis for categorical variables. Differences in means between the subgroups were calculated using the Bonferroni procedure to control the risk of a type I error. p is related to a linear-by-linear analysis for categorical variables. NC indicates not computed, because office and daytime ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were used to categorise the participants.
*p<0.05 versus normotension (NT).
**p<0.05 versus white coat hypertension (WCH).
***p<0.001 versus NT.
****p<0.001 versus WCH.