Comparison of demographic and echocardiographic parameters between adolescent black athletes, white athletes and black controls
| Parameter | BA (n = 329) | WA (n) = 903 | BC (n) = 134 | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender (%) | 245 (74.5) | 735 (81.4) | 88 (65.7) | <0.001*,** |
| Age (years) | 16.4 ± 1.3 | 16.4 ± 1.3 | 15.3 ± 1.3 | <0.001**,*** |
| BSA (m2) | 1.90 ± 0.21 | 1.85 ± 0.21 | 1.76 ± 0.22 | <0.001*,**,*** |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 113.6 ± 13.4 | 112.3 ± 11.4 | 121.9 ± 14.3 | <0.001**,*** |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 67.5 ± 11.2 | 68.4 ± 9.2 | 67.2 ± 11.8 | 0.701 |
| Ao (mm) | 29.0 ± 3.1 | 28.8 ± 3.6 | 26.1 ± 3.5 | <0.001**,*** |
| LA (mm) | 34.7 ± 4.7 | 33.8 ± 4.5 | 30.2 ± 5.2 | <0.001**,*** |
| LVED (mm) | 51.4 ± 5.0 | 51.0 ± 5.1 | 45.8 ± 4.3 | <0.001**,*** |
| mLVWT (mm) | 10.0 ± 1.5 | 9.3 ± 1.2 | 9.0 ± 1.3 | <0.001*,*** |
| RLVWT | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.06 | <0.001*,** |
| mLVWT∕BSA (mm∕m2) | 5.32 ± 0.86 | 5.11 ± 0.74 | 5.12 ± 0.95 | <0.001* |
| LVM∕BSA (g∕m2) | 98.0 ± 23.5 | 95.3 ± 21.3 | 76.4 ± 16.4 | <0.001**,*** |
| E∕A | 2.19 ± 0.78 | 2.21 ± 0.78 | 2.05 ± 0.76 | 0.397 |
Where applicable, results are expressed as percentages or mean ± SD.
*Statistically significant between black athletes and white athletes.
**Statistically significant between white athletes and black controls.
***Statistically significant between black athletes and black controls.
Ao, aortic root; BA, black athletes; BC, black controls; BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; E∕A, ratio of early to late diastolic mitral valve peak inflow velocities; LA, left atrium; LVED, left ventricular cavity diameter in end-diastole; LVM, left ventricular mass; mLVWT, maximal left ventricular wall thickness in end-diastole; RLVWT, relative left ventricular wall thickness; WA, white athletes.