Table 1

Data sources

Reference	Altitude mode	Altitude (m)	Duration (h)	Sport	Calibre of athletes	N at altitude	N in control	Number of measures per participant
Clark et al8	LHTL	3000	294	Cycling	International	12 m	–	7
Frese and Friedmann-Bette28	Classic	1300–1650	480–528	Running	Junior	7 f, 4 m	2 f, 6 m	2–6
Garvican et al14	LHTL	3000	416	Cycling	International	12 f	–	8–12
Garvican et al29	Classic	2760	456	Cycling	International	8 m	7 m	5–9
Garvican-Lewis et al25	LHTL	3000	154–266	Water polo	International	9 f	–	4
Gough et al26	Classic LHTL	2100–2320 3000	204–504 294	Swimming	International	3 f, 14 m 9 f, 1 m	– –	2–4
Humberstone et al30	LHTL	3000	238	Triathlon	International	2 f, 5 m	6 f, 11 m	4
McLean et al22 23	Classic	2130	456	Football	National	21 m	9 m	3–9
	Classic	2100	432	Football	National	23 m	–	4–6
Neya et al24	Classic LHTL	1300 3000	504 210	Running	Collegiate	7 m 7 m	– –	3
Pottgiesser et al27	Classic	1816	504	Cycling	International	7 m	–	3
Robertson et al20	LHTL	3000	294	Running	National	4 f, 6 m	3 f, 5 m	6–12
Robertson et al19	LHTL	3000	294	Running	National	2 f, 6 m	2 f, 7m	6
Saunders et al21	LHTL	3000	294	Race walking	International	3 f, 3 m	6 f, 5 m	7
Wachsmuth et al13 (overall 35 participants (17 f, 18 m) with 2–11 measures)	Classic Classic Classic Classic	2320 2320 2320 1360	672 672 504 552	Swimming Swimming Swimming Swimming	International International International International	6 f, 13 m 4 f, 6 m 2 f, 5 m 7 f, 4 m	– 6 f, 5m – –	2–5 (within each subsection)
Wachsmuth et al31	Classic	3600	288	Football	Junior	17 m	16 m	3–5
Wachsmuth et al32	Classic	2300	504	Swimming	National	3 f, 6 m	3 f, 4 m	3–7
Total						73 f, 175 m	28 f, 75 m

f, females; LHTL, live high train low; m, males.