Sex differences in the incidence of head/face injuries for snowboarders, freestyle and alpine skiers during seven seasons (2006–2013) of the FIS WC
| Males | Females | Risk ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All head/face injuries (n=245) | |||
| Incidence (injuries per 100 athletes) with 95% CI | |||
| Total all disciplines | 3.9 (3.2 to 4.6) | 5.8 (4.8 to 6.9) | 1.48 (1.15 to 1.90)* |
| Snowboard | 3.8 (2.7 to 4.9) | 7.3 (5.2 to 9.4) | 1.93 (1.27 to 2.91)* |
| Freestyle | 4.5 (3.2 to 5.9) | 7.4 (5.2 to 9.6) | 1.63 (1.07 to 2.47)* |
| Alpine | 3.4 (2.3 to 4.6) | 3.6 (2.3 to 4.9) | 1.05 (0.65 to 1.70) |
| WC, WSC and OWG head/face injuries (n=96) | |||
| Incidence (injuries per 1000 runs) with 95% CI | |||
| Total all disciplines | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.2) | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.8) | 1.47 (0.98 to 2.20) |
| Snowboard | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.3) | 1.2 (0.6 to 1.8) | 1.39 (0.69 to 2.78) |
| Freestyle | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.2) | 2.4 (1.3 to 3.5) | 1.59 (0.82 to 3.09) |
| Alpine | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.1) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.6) | 1.55 (0.74 to 3.26) |
*Significant difference (p<0.05).
FIS, International Ski Federation; OWG, Olympic Winter Games; WC, World Cup; WSC, World Ski/Snowboard Championships.