Results of the unadjusted and adjusted (n=242) Cox regression models for the variables tested
| Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Unit/qualifier | HR | p Value | HR | 95% CI |
| Main exposure of interest | |||||
| Type of shoes | Hard-SS is ref. | 0.920 | 0.731* | — | — |
| Participants’ characteristics | |||||
| Age | Years | 0.972 | 0.022*† | — | — |
| Sex | Male is ref. | 1.037 | 0.880* | — | — |
| BMI | 1 kg/m2 increase | 1.077 | 0.057*† | 1.126 | 1.033 to 1.227 |
| Previous injury‡ | No (previous injury) is ref. | 1.996 | 0.005† | 1.735 | 1.037 to 2.902 |
| Running experience§ | Years | 1.004 | 0.690 | ||
| Regular runner (previous 12-months) | Non-regular is ref. | 0.293 | <0.001*† | 0.422 | 0.228 to 0.779 |
| Sport participation pattern | |||||
| Sessions with SS | Percentage of total sessions | 1.017 | 0.073† | — | — |
| Other sports | h/week | 0.775 | 0.010† | 0.702 | 0.561 to 0.879 |
| Running frequency | Sessions/week | 0.693 | 0.022† | — | — |
| Weekly running volume | h/week | 0.775 | 0.038† | — | — |
| Weekly mean distance | km/week | 0.974 | 0.027† | — | — |
| Mean session duration | Min | 0.994 | 0.336 | ||
| Mean session intensity | au | 1.379 | 0.015† | 1.396 | 1.040 to 1.874 |
| Mean speed | km/h | 0.911 | 0.299 | ||
| Run hard surface | Percentage of total sessions | 1.002 | 0.663 | ||
| Competitions | Competition/week | 0.850 | 0.805 | ||
*Variable used for sample stratification included in the first block (Enter); total volume of exposure 5723.4 h.
†Variables with p value >0.25 included in the multivariate model (forward LR).
‡5 missing data.
§2 missing data.
au, arbitrary unit; BMI, body mass index; SS, study shoes.