X–Y–Z Euler rotation sequence
| Segment | X-axis | Y-axis | Z-axis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thorax | Forward tilt—backward tilt | Lateral flexion left side down—right side down | Thoracic rotation right side backwards—left side backwards |
| Pelvis | Anterior tilt—posterior tilt | Obliquity left side down—right side down | Pelvic rotation right side backwards—left side backwards |
| Hip | Flexion—extension | Abduction—adduction | External rotation—internal rotation |
| Knee | Flexion—extension | Abduction—adduction | External rotation—internal rotation |
| Ankle | Dorsiflexion—plantarflexion | Eversion—inversion | Outward rotation toes—inward rotation toes |
X–Y–Z Euler rotation sequence applied in the Liverpool John Moores University lower limb trunk model.37