Group mean (SD) values and the difference between barefoot and shod conditions
| Barefoot | Shod | Mean difference | 95% CI of difference | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stride length (m) | 2.94 (0.29) | 3.01 (0.30) | −0.08 | −0.09 to −0.06 | 0.2 |
| Stride frequency (steps/min) | 187.7 (9.5) | 183.9 (8.6) | 3.8 | 2.5 to 5.2 | 0.4 |
| Ankle dorsiflexion at contact (°) | 0.78 (8.4) | 4.25 (8.5) | −3.5 | −4.98 to −1.97 | 0.4 |
| Peak knee flexion angle (°) | 48.5 (3.4) | 50.7 (3.8) | −2.1 | −2.7 to −1.5 | 0.6 |
| Peak knee extensor moment (Nm/kg) | 3.0 (0.4) | 3.3 (0.4) | −0.27 | −0.35 to −0.19 | 0.7 |
| Peak utilised contact area (mm2) | 244.2 (1.3) | 244.5 (0.84) | −0.32 | −0.60 to −0.03 | 0.3 |
| Peak PFJ reaction force (N/kg) | 67.5 (10.9) | 76.4 (12.2) | −8.9 | −11.0 to −6.8 | 0.8 |
| Peak PFJ stress (MPa) | 18.2 (4.3) | 20.6 (4.8) | −2.4 | −3.0 to −1.8 | 0.5 |
PFJ, patellofemoral joint; SMD, standardised mean difference.