Incidences of medical complications by organ system affected and by final diagnosis in 21 and 56 km runners
| System and final diagnosis | 21 km race | 56 km race | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence | 95% CI | Incidence | 95% CI | ||
| Cardiovascular | 1.21 | 0.92 to 1.61 | 3.00 | 2.40 to 3.74 | <0.0001* |
| Serious cardiac | |||||
| All serious cardiac | 0.13 | 0.05 to 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | 1.0000 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
| Arrhythmia | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
| Myocarditis | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
| Postural hypotension | 1.06 | 0.79 to 1.44 | 2.77 | 2.20 to 3.48 | <0.0001* |
| Other cardiovascular | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | 0.3088 |
| Musculoskeletal | 0.96 | 0.70 to 1.32 | 1.82 | 1.37 to 2.42 | 0.0028* |
| Dermatological | 1.29 | 0.98 to 1.70 | 1.48 | 1.08 to 2.03 | 0.5199 |
| Serious exercise-associated muscle cramps | 0.25 | 0.14 to 0.47 | 1.90 | 1.44 to 2.50 | <0.0001* |
| Gastrointestinal | 0.23 | 0.12 to 0.44 | 1.86 | 1.41 to 2.46 | <0.0001* |
| Respiratory | 0.35 | 0.21 to 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.52 to 1.22 | 0.0158* |
| Asthma | 0.15 | 0.07 to 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.10 to 0.51 | 0.5602 |
| Infection | 0.13 | 0.05 to 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.18 to 0.66 | 0.0637 |
| Pulmonary oedema | − | − | 0.08 | 0.02 to 0.30 | − |
| Respiratory other | 0.08 | 0.02 to 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.06 to 0.40 | 0.4485 |
| Fluid, electrolyte and acid–base | 0.33 | 0.19 to 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.34 to 0.94 | 0.1430 |
| Hyponatraemia | 0.23 | 0.12 to 0.44 | 0.23 | 0.10 to 0.51 | 0.9992 |
| Dehydration | 0.10 | 0.04 to 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.15 to 0.61 | 0.0769 |
| Acidosis | − | − | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | − |
| Metabolic | 0.08 | 0.02 to 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.29 to 0.85 | 0.0008* |
| Fatigue | 0.10 | 0.04 to 0.27 | 0.49 | 0.29 to 0.85 | 0.0022* |
| CNS | 0.13 | 0.05 to 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.06 to 0.40 | 1.0000 |
| Convulsions | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | − | − | − |
| Confusion | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | − | − | − |
| Other collapse | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
| Concussion | − | − | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | − |
| CNS other | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | − | − | − |
| Temperature regulation | 0.15 | 0.07 to 0.34 | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | 0.7491 |
| Hyperthermia | 0.10 | 0.04 to 0.27 | 0.08 | 0.02 to 0.30 | 1.0000 |
| Hypothermia | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
| Renal | − | − | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | − |
| Other | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.08 to 0.46 | 0.1243 |
*Indicates a significant difference between the 56 and 21 km race (p<0.05).
CNS, central nervous system.