System and final diagnosis | 21 km race | 56 km race | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence | 95% CI | Incidence | 95% CI | ||
Cardiovascular | 1.21 | 0.92 to 1.61 | 3.00 | 2.40 to 3.74 | <0.0001* |
Serious cardiac | |||||
All serious cardiac | 0.13 | 0.05 to 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | 1.0000 |
Ischaemic heart disease | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
Arrhythmia | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
Myocarditis | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
Postural hypotension | 1.06 | 0.79 to 1.44 | 2.77 | 2.20 to 3.48 | <0.0001* |
Other cardiovascular | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | 0.3088 |
Musculoskeletal | 0.96 | 0.70 to 1.32 | 1.82 | 1.37 to 2.42 | 0.0028* |
Dermatological | 1.29 | 0.98 to 1.70 | 1.48 | 1.08 to 2.03 | 0.5199 |
Serious exercise-associated muscle cramps | 0.25 | 0.14 to 0.47 | 1.90 | 1.44 to 2.50 | <0.0001* |
Gastrointestinal | 0.23 | 0.12 to 0.44 | 1.86 | 1.41 to 2.46 | <0.0001* |
Respiratory | 0.35 | 0.21 to 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.52 to 1.22 | 0.0158* |
Asthma | 0.15 | 0.07 to 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.10 to 0.51 | 0.5602 |
Infection | 0.13 | 0.05 to 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.18 to 0.66 | 0.0637 |
Pulmonary oedema | − | − | 0.08 | 0.02 to 0.30 | − |
Respiratory other | 0.08 | 0.02 to 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.06 to 0.40 | 0.4485 |
Fluid, electrolyte and acid–base | 0.33 | 0.19 to 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.34 to 0.94 | 0.1430 |
Hyponatraemia | 0.23 | 0.12 to 0.44 | 0.23 | 0.10 to 0.51 | 0.9992 |
Dehydration | 0.10 | 0.04 to 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.15 to 0.61 | 0.0769 |
Acidosis | − | − | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | − |
Metabolic | 0.08 | 0.02 to 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.29 to 0.85 | 0.0008* |
Fatigue | 0.10 | 0.04 to 0.27 | 0.49 | 0.29 to 0.85 | 0.0022* |
CNS | 0.13 | 0.05 to 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.06 to 0.40 | 1.0000 |
Convulsions | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | − | − | − |
Confusion | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | − | − | − |
Other collapse | 0.03 | 0.00 to 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
Concussion | − | − | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | − |
CNS other | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | − | − | − |
Temperature regulation | 0.15 | 0.07 to 0.34 | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | 0.7491 |
Hyperthermia | 0.10 | 0.04 to 0.27 | 0.08 | 0.02 to 0.30 | 1.0000 |
Hypothermia | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.27 | 1.0000 |
Renal | − | − | 0.11 | 0.04 to 0.35 | − |
Other | 0.05 | 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.08 to 0.46 | 0.1243 |
*Indicates a significant difference between the 56 and 21 km race (p<0.05).
CNS, central nervous system.