Table 4

Risk of bias for the included studies

Was the method of randomisation adequate?Was the treatment allocation concealed?Was the patient blinded to the intervention?Was the caregiver blinded to the intervention?Was the outcome assessor blinded to the intervention?Was the drop-out rate described and acceptable?Were all randomised participants analysed in the group to which they were allocated?Free of selective reporting?Similarity of baseline characteristics?Cointerventions avoided or similar?Compliance acceptable?Timing of outcome assessments similar?Total
Croisier et al236
de Vos et al35______?5
de Jonge et al319
de Vos et al36?5
de Vos et al2712
de Vos et al2612
Gardin et al29??3
Konsgaard et al3210
Konsgaard et al37?5
Kulig et al38?3
Norregaard et al248
Ohberg and Alfredson15??3
Ohberg et al39_??2
Osteras et al40N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A5
Petersen et al33??8
Richards et al41??3
Rompe et al3410
Shalabi et al28??4
Torstensen et al42N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A?4
van der Plas et al309
  • ✓, yes; –, no; ?, unclear; N/A, not applicable.