Athlete | Ethnicity | Sport | Symptoms | FH of SCD (<35 years) | Abnormal ECG | Abnormal ECHO | Abnormal GXT | Abnormal 24 h Holter monitoring | Abnormal CMRI | Abnormal first-degree relatives | Diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Arabic | Football | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | HCM—disqualified |
2 | Arabic | Football | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | HCM—disqualified |
3 | Black African | Football | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | – | HCM—disqualified |
4 | Black African | Basketball | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | – | HCM—disqualified |
5 | Black African | Basketball | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | – | HCM—disqualified |
6 | Black African | Basketball | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | – | Yes | HCM—disqualified |
7 | Black African | Football | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | – | – | HCM—disqualified |
8 | Arabic | Football | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | – | – | WPW—returned to competition |
9 | Arabic | Football | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | – | – | WPW—returned to competition |
ECHO, Echocardiography; FH, family history; SCD, sudden cardiac death; CMRI, cardiovascular MRI; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; WPW, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; –, means investigation was not carried out.