Baseline characteristics
| Treatment group Median (range) or percentage (%) | Control group Median (range) or percentage (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 15 years (12–27) | 15 years (13–30) |
| Sex | 11 male, 4 female | 7 male, 9 female |
| Previous concussion | 55.3% (8/15) | 75% (12/16) |
| Neck pain | 93.33% (14/15) | 87.5% (14/16) |
| Headache | 93.33% (14/15) | 93.75% (15/16) |
| Dizziness | 86.33% (13/15) | 82.75% (13/16) |
| Vestibular findings | 80% (12/15) | 87.5% (14/16) |
| Cervical findings | 100% (15/15) | 100% (16/16) |
| Time since injury | 53 days (8–276) | 47 days (31–142) |
| ABC Scale score | 80% (40–95) | 85% (45–100) |
| DHI score (/100) | 46 (6–84) | 42 (0–66) |
| Physical (/24) | 10 (0–18) | 10 (0–24) |
| Functional (/36) | 14 (4–36) | 18 (0–28) |
| Emotional (/40) | 12 (2–30) | 14 (0–22) |
| Percentage now (/100) | 80% (40–95) | 70% (50–97) |
| BES score (/30) | 19 (4–30) | 19 (4–28) |
| SAC score (/30) | 27 (16–29) | 26 (23–30) |
| SCAT2 score (/100) | 71 (52–96) | 70 (47–92) |
| Neck pain (/10) | 3 (0–7) | 3 (0–9) |
| Headache (/10) | 4 (0–8) | 4 (0–9) |
| Dizziness (/10) | 3 (0–8) | 5 (0–8) |
| DVA (lines lost) | 3 (0–7) | 3 (1–5) |
| FGA (/30) | 27 (17–30) | 27 (24–30) |
| CFE (seconds) | 14 (6–27) | 15 (8–28) |
ABC Scale, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale; BES, Balance Examination score; CFE, Cervical Flexor Endurance; DHI, Dizziness Handicap Inventory; DVA, Dynamic Visual Acuity; FGA, Functional Gait Assessment; SAC, Standardised Assessment of Concussion; SCAT2, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2.