Summary of Reviewed Studies including study design, level of evidence, sports, number of teams and ages
| Reference (year) | Study design | Level of evidence | Sports | Number of teams | Ages (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hewett et al (1999)29 | Prospective non-randomised cohort | 2b | Soccer Volleyball Basketball | 15 teams (control) 15 teams (intervention) | 14–18 (range) |
| Soderman et al* (2000)30 | Prospective randomised control | 2b | Soccer | 6 teams (control) 7 teams (intervention) | C:20.4±5.4 I:20.4±4.6 (mean) |
| Heidt et al (2000)31 | Prospective randomised control | 1b | Soccer | 258 individuals (control) 42 individuals (intervention) | 14–18 (range) |
| Myklebust et al† (2003)28 | Prospective non-randomised crossover | 2b | Handball | 60 teams (1st year) 58 teams (2nd year) | 21–22 (mean) |
| Mandelbaum et al (2005)32 | Prospective non-randomised cohort | 2b | Soccer | 207 teams (control) 97 teams (intervention) | 14–18 (range) |
| Olsen et al (2005)33 | Prospective cluster randomised controlled | 1b | Handball | 59 teams (control) 61 teams (intervention) | 16–17 (mean) |
| Petersen et al (2005)35 | Prospective matched cohort | 2b | Handball | 10 teams (control) 10 teams (intervention) | C:19.8 I:19.4 (mean) |
| Pfeiffer et al (2006)36 | Prospective non-randomised cohort | 2b | Soccer Volleyball Basketball | 69 teams (control) 43 teams (intervention) | 14–18 (range) |
| Steffen et al (2008)21 49 | Prospective block randomised controlled | 1b | Soccer | 51 teams (control) 58 teams (intervention) | 15.4 (mean) |
| Gilchrist et al (2008)20 | Prospective cluster randomised controlled | 1b | Soccer | 35 teams (control) 26 teams (intervention) | C:19.9 I:19.9 (mean) |
| Pasanen et al (2009) | Prospective cluster randomised controlled | 1b | Floorball | 14 teams (control) 14 teams (control) | 24 (mean) |
| Kiani et al (2010)37 | Prospective cluster non-randomised cohort | 2b | Soccer | 49 teams (control) 48 teams(intervention) | C:15.0 I:14.7 (mean) |
| LaBella et al (2011)38 | Prospective cluster randomised controlled | 1b | Soccer Basketball | 53 teams (control) 53 teams(intervention) | C:16.2 I:16.2 (mean) |
| Walden et al (2012)39 | Prospective cluster randomised controlled | 1b | Soccer | 109 teams(control) 121 teams(intervention) | C:14.1 I:14.0 (mean) |
*Although the study was a randomised controlled design, the follow-up rate was low (51.2%). Therefore, the level of evidence was rated as 2b.
†For analysis purposes, only data from the first intervention year were used.