Scores on the items of the quality assessment list (see table 1), with the total quality score for all positive (+) items (#3–16) and the percentage of the maximum attainable score (%)
| Reference | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Total | Per cent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gehlsen and Seger11 | + | + | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | 3/12 | 25 | ||
| Messier and Pittala12 | + | − | + | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | 4/12 | 33 | ||
| Tweed et al13 | + | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | − | + | − | − | + | 4/12 | 33 | ||
| Viitasalo and Kvist14 | + | + | − | + | − | + | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | + | 4/12 | 33 | ||
| Bandholm et al15 | + | + | + | + | − | + | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | + | 5/12 | 42 | ||
| Madeley et al7 | + | + | − | + | − | + | − | − | + | − | − | + | − | + | 5/12 | 42 | ||
| Rathleff et al20 | + | + | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | + | 5/12 | 42 | ||
| Moen et al8 | + | + | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | + | 6/12 | 50 | ||
| Newman et al31 | + | − | − | + | − | + | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | 7/12 | 58 | ||
| Lilletvedt et al21 | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | 2/8 | 25 | ||||||
| Franklyn et al10 | + | + | + | − | − | + | − | + | − | + | 4/8 | 50 | ||||||
| Sommer et al30 | + | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | − | + | 4/8 | 50 | ||||||
| Bennett et al16 | + | + | − | + | − | − | + | − | − | − | + | 3/9 | 33 | |||||
| Delacerda17 | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | − | − | − | + | 4/9 | 44 | |||||
| Sharma et al3 | + | + | − | + | − | − | + | + | − | − | + | 4/9 | 44 | |||||
| Hubbard et al18 | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | 6/9 | 67 | |||||
| Raissi et al19 | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | 6/9 | 67 | |||||
| Rauh et al2 | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | + | 6/9 | 67 | |||||
| Yates and White4 | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | 6/9 | 67 | |||||
| Plisky et al22 | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | − | + | 7/9 | 78 | |||||
| Yagi et al9 | + | − | + | + | − | + | + | + | − | + | + | 7/9 | 78 |
Case–control studies: 8 possible points, cross-sectional studies: 12 possible points, prospective cohort studies: 9 possible points.