Study outcomes
| Primary outcomes | Secondary outcomes | Complications | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Treatment | Onset until treatment | RT sport | RT sctivity | RT work | Clinical healing | Radiological healing | Non-unions | Refractures | Postoperative |
| Month (range) | Weeks (range) | Weeks (range) | Weeks (SD) | Weeks (range) | Weeks (range) | (delayed) | ||||
| Anterior tibial cortex | ||||||||||
| Johansson et al | C | 14.8 (1–36) | n=6 | xx | xx | xx | xx | 13 | xx | xx |
| Orava et al | C | 7 (3–24) | 24 (12–40) | xx | xx | xx | is RT sports | 9 | 1 | xx |
| Navicular | ||||||||||
| Benazzo et al | C | 7.5 | All | xx | xx | 8.6 (4–10.7) | is Clinical healing | 0 | 0 | xx |
| Bojanic et al | C | 3.3 | 24 (17–32) | (14–20) | xx | xx | xx | 0 | 1 | xx |
| Burne et al | C | 4.8 (1–15) | n=6 | xx | xx | 208 (57–796) | 3/11 at 4 years | xx | 4 | xx |
| Khan et al | C and S | 4 (3 days–5 years) | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | ||
| S | 15.2 | 1 | ||||||||
| C | 21 | 39 | ||||||||
| McCormick et al | S | 4.3 | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | 2 | xx | 1 SI |
| Saxena et al19 | C and S | 5.0 (1 day–4 years) | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | |||
| S | 12.4 (6–20)* | 1 HWR | ||||||||
| C | 17.2 (12–52) | 5 | ||||||||
| Saxena and Fullem36 | C and S | † | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | 0 | ||
| S | 25.5 (3–240)‡ | 16.4±4.8 | 0 | 0 | 1 HWR | |||||
| C | 2.25 (0.5–6) | 14.8±6.4 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Torg et al | C and S | 7.2 (0–38) | xx | xx | xx | xx | ||||
| S | 28 (26–30) | xx | xx | xx | xx | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| C | 21 (11–48) | xx | xx | xx | xx | 1 (1) | 3 | xx | ||
| Fifth metatarsal | ||||||||||
| Chuckpaiwong et al | C and S | xx | xx | xx | 2 | 0 | 3 HWR | |||
| S | 15.2±10.5 | 3.2 (2.2) | 39.2 (87.6) | 0 | ||||||
| C | 26.3±11.0 | 2.5 (0.8) | 19.2 (21.6) | 1 | ||||||
| DeLee et al | S | (3.0–18.0) | 8.5 (7–14) | xx | xx | 4.5 (3–6) | 7.5 (6–8) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ekstrand et al | C and S | xx | xx | is RT sport | is RT sport | xx | xx | |||
| S | 12 (6.1–17.6) | 0 | 5 | |||||||
| C | 9.9 (8.4–11.1) | 1 | 3 | |||||||
| Josefsson et al | C | 0.07 (0–0.7) | All | xx | xx | All at final FU | 13 at final FU | 0 | 2 | xx |
| Lee et al | S | xx | 14.1 (5.7–30.3)§ | xx | xx | xx | is RT sport | 9¶ | 6** | xx |
| Nagao et al | S | xx | 11.2 (6–25) | 6.3 (3–12.7) | xx | xx | 8.8 (4–20.1) | 2 (1) | 0 | 0 |
| Pecina et al | S | xx | 9 (5–14) | xx | xx | All at final FU | xx | xx | 1 | 0 |
| Popovic et al | S | xx | xx | xx | xx | |||||
| S | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | 12.2 (11–17) | 6 (5–8) | 11.3 (9–11.8) | 3 | |||||
| S | 1 (0.8–1.3) | 12 (12–12) | 7.1 (6–9.2) | 10.1 (8.6–10.5) | 0 | |||||
*Include 5 previously conservative treated patients. †(T1: 15.2±6.8, T2: 14.8±3.2, T3: 16.8±0.3).
‡Without 240: 7.7 (3–24).
§T1: 10.1(3.1), T2: 14.9 (7.8), T3: 17.6 (7.4) gap <1 mm 10.1 (4.3), >1 mm 18.1 (7.4).
¶(8T2, 1T3//8 had >1 mm plantair gap).
**(4T1, 2T2//>1 mm 3, <1 mm 3).
C, conservative; FU, follow-up; HWR, hardware removal; RT, return to; S, surgery; SI, superficial infection.