Table 3

Recommendations to advance research on PPTs in sports medicine

Number	Recommendation
1	Convene an international consortium to standardise terminology and methodology
2	Conduct adequately powered studies of inter-rater and intra-rater reliability
3	Conduct adequately powered studies of validity including: ▸ Construct—PPTs should address distinct constructs that are key to return to play like power, agility, motor control, and stability. PPTs should be able to detect asymmetry in these constructs in a recovering lower extremity ▸ Criterion/Predictive—PPTs should contribute to models that predict injury or performance
4	Closely examine PPTs as clinical outcome measures: ▸ Establish the MDC and minimally important change ▸ Establish the responsiveness of PPTs to changes in athlete status with injury and recovery
5	Review the literature on PPTs of the upper extremity leading to: ▸ Establishment of an upper extremity research agenda ▸ Development of new throwing sport-specific PPTs ▸ Studies of validity, reliability, responsiveness