Changes in body composition in untrained men as a result of a period of recreational F training compared to R or inactive C
| Study | Activity, target group, gender | Age (years) | Training programme; Duration (weeks), intensity (%), frequency (per week), session duration (min) | Total fat mass (kg) | Total fat percentage (%) | Lean body mass, whole body (kg) | Lean body mass, legs (kg) | Bone mineral density, left and right proximal femur (%) | Bone mineral density, left and right femoral neck (%) | Bone mineral density (legs) (%) | Bone mineral density, trunk (%) | Bone marker –osteocalcin (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Krustrup et al1 | F, UT, M | 29 | 12; 82%HRmax; 2.3; 60 | 2.7↓*† | 2.9↓*† | 1.7↑*† | 1.1↑*† | – | – | – | – | – |
| R, UT, M | 31 | 12; 82%HRmax; 2.5; 60 | 1.7↓* | 1.7↓* | 0.6↑NS | 0.6↑NS | – | – | – | – | – | |
| C, UT, M | 31 | No intervention | 0.3↓NS | 0.2↓NS | 0.1↑NS | 0.3↓NS | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Randers et al8 41 | F, UT, M | 31 | 64; 82%HRmax; 1.3; 60 | 3.2↓*† | 3.8↓*† | 2.7↑* | 1.1↑*†‡ | – | – | 2%↑* | – | – |
| C, UT, M | 32 | No intervention | 0.2↓NS | 0.6↓NS | 1.2↑* | 0.2↑NS | – | – | 1%↑NS | – | – | |
| Helge et al42 | F, UT, M | 68 | 52; 82%HRmax; 1.7; 45–60 | – | – | – | – | LL:2.4%↑* RL:2.9%↑* | LL:5.4%↑* RL:3.8%↑* | – | – | 46%↑*† |
| S, UT, M | 69 | 52; 8–20RM; 1.9; 45–60 | – | – | – | – | NS | NS | – | – | NS | |
| C, UT, M | 67 | No intervention | – | – | – | – | NS | NS | – | – | NS | |
| Krustrup et al15 | F, UT, Ma | 46 | 24; 85%HRmax; 1.7; 60 | 1.9↓NS | 2.2↓NS | 0.2↑NS | 0.1↑NS | – | – | 2.1%↑NS | – | – |
| DAG, UT, Ma | 47 | DA on CRF | 0.9↓NS | 1.0↓NS | 0.2↑NS | 0.0↔NS | – | – | 0.0% NS | – | – | |
| Knoepfli-Lenzin et al22 | F, UT, Mmh | 37 | 12; 80%HRmax; 2.4; 60 | 2.0↓* | 2.0↓*† | 0.5↑NS | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| R, UT, Mmh | 36 | 12; 79%HRmax; 2.5; 60 | 1.7↓* | 1.4↓NS | 0.0↔NS | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| C, UT, Mmh | 38 | No intervention | 0.1↑NS | 0.1↑NS | 0.3↓NS | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| De Sousa et al39 | F, UT, Mt+Wt | 61 | 12; 83%HRmax; 3; 40; F+D | 3.4↓* | 2.4↓NS | 0.2↓NS | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| C, UT, Mt+Wt | 61 | Diet group | 3.7↓* | 2.4↓NS | 1.0↓NS | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Andersen et al5 | F, UT, Mt | 51 | 24; 83%HRmax; 1.5; 60 | 1.7↓* | 1.5↓* | 0.7↑NS | 0.5↑NS | – | – | NS | – | – |
| C, UT, Mt | 49 | No intervention | 0.1↓NS | 0.2↓NS | 0.8↑NS | 0.5↓* | – | – | NS | – | – | |
| Helge et al46 | F, UT, Mh | 36 | 12; 82%HRmax; 2.2; 60 | 1.8↓* | – | 0.9↑* | – | – | – | – | 1%↑* | 27%↑*† |
| C, UT, Mh | 43 | No intervention | NS | – | NS | – | – | – | – | NS | NS | |
| Uth et al37 | F, UT, Mp | 67 | 12; 85%HRmax; 2–3; 45–60 | 1.3↓* | 0.9↓* | 0.9↑*† | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| C, UT, Mp | 67 | No intervention | 0.3↓NS | 0.0↔NS | 0.1↑NS | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Changes between pre and post training intervention (unless otherwise stated).
*Significant difference from 0 weeks.
†Significant group difference compared to control.
‡Significant group differences.
a, hypertensive subjects; C, controls; CRF, cardiovascular risk factors; DAG, doctor's advice group; F, football; F+D, football+diet group; h, homeless subjects; HRmax, maximal heart rate; LL, left leg; M, men; mh; mildly hypertensive subjects; NS, not significant; p, prostate cancer patients; R, running; RL, right leg; S, strength training; t, type 2 diabetics; UT, untrained; W, women