References | Injections (N)/interval (weeks)/volume (mL) | Spinning approach | White cells count | Activation | Platelet concentration | Type PRP (Mishra classification) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaquerizo et al36* | 3/2/8 | Single spinning | − | + | <5×baseline | 4B |
Patel et al37* | 1(2)/–(3)/8 | Single spinning | − | + | <5×baseline | 4B |
Filardo et al38 44* | 3/1/5 | Double spinning | + | + | 5×baseline | 2A |
Cerza et al39* | 4/1/5.5 | Single spinning | − | − | >5×baseline | 3A |
Sánchez et al40* | 3/1/8 | Single spinning | − | + | <5×baseline | 4B |
Say et al41 | 1/–/2.5 | Single spinning | − | + | <5×baseline | 4B |
Spaková et al42 | 3/1/3 | 3 spinnings | + | − | <5×baseline | 1B |
Li et al43 | 3/3/3.5 | NA | NA | + | NA | NA |
Filardo et al23 | 3(3)/3(3)/5(5) | Single vs double spinning | − (+) | +(+) | <5×baseline | 4B (2B) |
Kon et al16 45 | 3/2/5 | Double spinning | + | + | >5×baseline | 2A |
Type 1 PRP: increased white cells count and no activation; type 2 PRP: increased white cells count and activated; type 3 PRP: minimal/no white cells count and no activation; type 4 PRP: minimal/no white cells count and activated.
A: contains an increased platelet concentration at or above five times baseline (extracted venous blood).
B: contains an increased platelet concentration less than five times baseline (extracted venous blood).
*Included randomised controlled trials.
Values in brackets in the Patel's study: group B (2 platelet-rich injections).
Values in brackets in the Filardo's study: comparison group (double-spinning approach).
NA, not applicable; PRP, platelet-rich plasma.