Blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension
| First author, year of publication | Definition of hypertension | Athletes | Controls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Percentage with hypertension | SBP (mean±SD, mm Hg) | DBP (mean±SD, mm Hg) | SBP (mean, mm Hg) | DBP (mean, mm Hg) | ||
| Helzberg, 201037 | ≥130/85 | 101 | 45.1 | ||||
| van Buuren, 201363 | >135/80 | 3 | 1.0 | 125.7±17.8 | 77.3±10.6 | ||
| Lively, 19995 | ≥140/90 | 22 | 3.7 | ||||
| Sofi, 200864 | ≥140/90 | 37 | 0.1 | ||||
| Pelliccia, 201040 | ≥140/90 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Munoz, 200965 | SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥90 | 3 | 2.2 | ♂ 117±12, ♀ 109±11 | ♂ 73±10, ♀ 72±8 | ||
| De Matos, 20116 | SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥90 | 49 | 7.9 | ||||
| Berge, 201313 | SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥90 | 39 | 7.0 | 122±11 | 69±8 | 123.8 | 70.8 |
| Weiner, 201314 | SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥90 | 1 | 0.5 | Football: 116±8, Rowing: 114±9 | Football: 64±8, Rowing: 60±9 | ||
| Tucker, 200929 | SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥90, or anti-HT medication | 67 | 13.8 | 127 | 75 | 112.0 | 72.0 |
| Guo, 201334 | SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥90, or anti-HT medication | 56 | 41.9 | LBW: ♂ 121.2±9.0, ♀ 110.8±10.1 UBW: ♂ 137.4±13.8, ♀ 124.6±15.2 | LBW: ♂ 81.5±9.0, ♀ 73.6±8.2 UBW: ♂ 92.2±9.6, ♀ 83.8±12.0 | ||
| Karpinos, 201318 | SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥90, or anti-HT medication, or self-reported HT | 84 | 13.2 | Football: 126.4±11.0 Non-football: 122.5±9.8 | Football: 75.3±9.9 Non-football: 72.3±9.0 | ||
| Lewis, 198966 | >140/90 | 4 | 1.5 | ||||
| Corrado, 200623 | >140/90 | 205 | 0.5 | ||||
| Thunenkotter, 201028 | >140/90 | 12 | 2.1 | 119±11 (≤190) | 73±9 (≤105) | ||
| Wilson, 201259 | >140/90 | 10 | 0.8 | ||||
| Gati, 201343 | >140/90 | 12 | 0.5 | 120±12.6 | 115.0 | ||
| Zaidi, 201339 | >140/90 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Riding, 201349 | SBP >140 | 17 | 1.4 | Arabic: 120±13, BA: 125.2±10.9, WA: 126.4±11.8 | Arabic: 71±9, BA: 73.6±8.4, WA: 74.5±10.1 | 118.1 | 72.1 |
| Di Luigi, 200467 | SBP >140 and/or DBP >90 | 587 | 1.8 | ♂ 119.8±12.5, ♀ 115.4±12.1 | ♂ 72.8±9.3, ♀ 70.2±9.0 | ||
| Magalski, 201168 | SBP >140 and/ or DBP >90 | 26 | 2.7 | ||||
| Papadakis, 201141 | SBP >140 and/or DBP >90 | 22 | 0.8 | BA: 116.5±13.1, WA: 111.8±11.0 | 121.7 | ||
| Schmied, 201325 | SBP >140 and/or DBP >90 | 12 | 5.7 | 125±4 | 72±2 | ||
| Maron, 198769 | >145/90 | 1 | 0.2 | ||||
| Rontoyannis, 199827 | ≥160/95 | 18 | 9.5 | ||||
| Urhausen, 199670 | 0 | 0.0 | |||||
| Pelliccia, 200071 | 3 | 0.3 | |||||
| Maskhulia, 200624 | 2 | 0.9 | |||||
| Caselli, 201142 | 1 | 0.2 | 117±10 | 76±6 | 119.0 | 75.0 | |
| Noseworthy, 201136 | 3 | 0.3 | 116.6±8.6 | 56.9±11.5 | |||
| Varga-Pinter, 201145 | 0 | 0.0 | ♂ 126±13, ♀ 116±13 | ♂ 80±10, ♀ 75±13 | |||
| Pougnet, 201272 | 32 | 16.0 | 123.4 | 77.5 | |||
| Schmied, 201273 | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
| Zaidi, 201338 | >120/80 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Berry, 194946 | 119.1±13.1 | 77.4±8.1 | |||||
| Andersen, 195648 | 20–29 years: 132.5±15.6, 30–39 years: 133.8±14.1 | 20–29 years: 80.6±10.9, 30–39 years: 83.0±3.4 | 135.6 | 85.4 | |||
| Siegel, 199244 | 117.1 | 71.8 | |||||
| Douglas, 199730 | 122±1 | 74±1 | |||||
| D’Andrea, 200235 | E: 116.8±9.1, S: 137.9±7.1 | E: 72.7±4.9, S: 78.9±4.0 | |||||
| Abergel, 200474 | 120±9 | 68±9 | 126.0 | 77.0 | |||
| Sharwood, 200431 | 133±12 | 78±9 | |||||
| Maldonado, 200626 | 127±7.2 | 70±9.0 | 130.0 | 73.0 | |||
| Babaee Bigi, 200722 | 137.5±5.7 | 86.2±6.5 | |||||
| Basavarajaiah, 200875 | BA: 118±7, WA: 115±6 | 119.0 | |||||
| Molina, 200816 | 125±15 | 76±9 | 133.0 | 80.0 | |||
| Miranda-Vilela, 200932 | ♂ 117.1±0.9, ♀ 112.0±1.0 | ♂ 74.7±1.0, ♀ 69.3±1.1 | |||||
| D’Andrea, 201247 | E: 115.8±6.1, S: 132.9±8.1 | E: 72.7±4.9, S: 75.9±4.0 | 120.3 | 74.6 | |||
| Pagourelias, 201376 | E: 120±7, S: 125.4±8 | E: 70.3±8.5, S: 78±3 | 120.6 | 75.0 | |||
| Vitarelli, 201377 | E: 121.9±6.8, S: 129.1±7.4, mix: 123.2±7.1 | E: 71.3±5.4, S: 76.3±4.8, mix: 70.9±4.6 | 120.6 | 75.2 | |||
| Malhotra, 201153 | ♂ 126±12, ♀ 115±11 | ♂ 75±9, ♀ 73±22 | |||||
| Chandra, 201478 | 114.5±13.1 | 69.3±21.8 | 120.6 | 69.5 | |||
The studies are presented in chronological order dependent on increasing cut-off values for hypertension.
♀, women; ♂, men; BA, black athletes; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; E, endurance; HT, hypertension; LBW, limited body weight; S, strength; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UBW, unlimited maximum body weight; WA, white athletes.