Table 1

Categorisation of the various forms of violence which threaten child athletes

Threats to child athletes
IndividualRelationalOrganisational
InjurySexual harassmentAbuse from spectators
DepressionSexual abuseDiscrimination
Self-harmPhysical abuseCultures which normalise abuse
Eating disordersForced physical exertionUnhealthy training programmes
Disordered eatingEmotional abuseHazing
 Virtual maltreatmentMedical mismanagement
NeglectSystematic doping
BullyingAge cheating
Doping