Proposed methodologies to improve clinical assessment outcome measure reporting in studies on groin pain in athletes
| Variable | Methodology | Outcome measure(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Patient-reported outcome measures | ||
| Self-reported hip and groin-related disability | HAGOS17 | HAGOS subscale scores (0–100 points) |
| Self-reported hip-related disability | HOS21 | HOS subscale scores (0–100%) |
| Self-reported hip-related disability | iHOT-12;22 iHOT-3323 | iHOT-12 score; iHOT-33 score (0–100 points) |
| Strength | ||
| Adductor strength | Isometric adductor strength testing24 | Weak/intermediate/strong |
| Adductor squeeze test25–27 | Adductor squeeze test value as quantified on sphygmomanometer | |
| Isometric adductor strength testing with HHD28 | Force output on HHD (N/kg/pounds) | |
| Eccentric adductor strength testing with HHD29 | Force output on HHD (N/kg/pounds) | |
| Hip flexion strength | Isometric hip flexion strength testing24 | Weak/intermediate/strong |
| Isometric hip flexion strength testing with HHD28 | Force output on HHD (N/kg/pounds) | |
| Range of motion | ||
| Hip joint internal rotation ROM | Passive hip joint internal rotation ROM examination27 30 31 | ROM (degrees) as quantified by a goniometer or inclinometer |
| Hip joint external rotation ROM | Passive hip joint external rotation ROM examination27 30 31 | ROM (degrees) as quantified by a goniometer or inclinometer |
HAGOS, Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score; HHD, hand-held dynamometry; HOS, Hip Outcome Score; iHOT, International Hip Outcome Tool; ROM, range of motion.