Baseline characteristics of participants
| Control | Intervention | |
|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) (n=17) | Mean (SD) (n=19) | |
| Characteristics | ||
| Age | 15.2 (1.5) | 16.3 (1.5) |
| Height (m) | 1.76 (0.09) | 1.80 (0.09) |
| Mass (kg) | 69.5 (14.2) | 75.7 (14.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.4 (3.9) | 23.4 (3.2) |
| Primary outcome | ||
| Mean maximum pain during ergometer rowing | 6.0/10 (2.0) | 5.2/10 (2.1) |
| Secondary outcomes | ||
| Disability | ||
| Patient Specific Functional Scale (/30) | 18.0 (5.8) | 15.5 (5.9) |
| Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (/24) | 3.4 (5.8) | 4.1 (5.9) |
| Muscle endurance tests (s) | ||
| Lower limb endurance | 38.1 (21.8) | 45.6 (34.1) |
| Back muscle endurance | 95.5 (21.1) | 104.2 (41.3) |
| Lumbar kinematics (degree of flexion) | ||
| Sitting posture | ||
| Lower lumbar angle | 4.9 (9.5) | 0.0 (11.0) |
| Upper lumbar angle | 1.5 (9.2) | 3.5 (6.8) |
| Ergometer kinematics | ||
| Rowing angle (excursion) | ||
| Lower lumbar angle | 12.2 (7.8) | 17.3 (15.0) |
| Upper lumbar angle | 12.0 (9.4) | 12.8 (9.0) |
| Rowing angle (mean) | ||
| Lower lumbar angle | 1.4 (15.1) | −2.8 (24.7) |
| Upper lumbar angle | 1.5 (9.2) | 3.5 (6.8) |