Summary of selected studies addressing the association between insoles and injuries.26–30
| Author | Year | Injury | Sign | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milgrom et al | 1985 | Femoral stress fractures | Yes | Military. Military stress ‘orthotic’ insole |
| Schwellnus et al | 1990 | All stress fractures Nrel(test)=22.8% Nrel(control)=31.9% | Yes | Military. Running shoes with ‘flat’ insoles for physical training |
| Finestone et al | 1999 | Tibial stress fractures Nrel(test/soft)=10.7% Nrel(control)=27.0% | Yes | Military. Soft ‘biomechanical’ orthoses |
| Muendermann et al | 2001 | Foot injuries spec reduction 1.5–13.4% General reduction 53% | Yes | Military. Self-selected insoles. Comfort assessment important for lower extremity injuries |
| Larsen et al | 2002 | Tibial stress fractures Risk Ratio RR RR=0.7 shin splints | Yes | Military. Custom made ‘biomechanical’ insoles |