Joint flexion angles for the main non-contact and indirect contact ACL injury mechanisms
| Case | Hip flexion angle (°)* | Knee flexion angle (°)* | Ankle flexion angle (°)* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IC | IF | IC | IF | IC | IF | |
| Pressing† | ||||||
| 10 cases | 25 (12.5) | 30 (7.5) | 5 (5) | 30 (13.75) | 10 (12.5) | −2.5 (12.5) |
| Kicking | ||||||
| 5 cases | 10 (8.75) | 20 (5) | 10 (5) | 27.5 (10) | 0 (7.5) | 2.5 (7.5) |
| Heading‡ | ||||||
| 4 cases | 10 (25) | 25 (22.5) | 5 (5) | 30 (18.75) | 30 (22.5) | −10 (11.25) |
*Flexion angles are reported as median with the IQR. Positive values mean flexion and negative values mean extension.
†Case #11 excluded.
‡Case #14 excluded.
ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; IC, initial contact; IF, index frame.