Effect of sustained exercise on concentrations of plasma aromatic and branched-chain amino acids and brain amines
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Tryptophan circuit in fatigue: From blood to brain and cognition
2017, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Central fatigue that is induced by chronic sleep disorder reportedly affects 40% to 80% of school refusal children (Farmer et al., 2004; Miike, 2009), causing them difficulty in returning to school (Tomoda et al., 1994; Tomoda et al., 1997), development of psychiatric disease (Farmer et al., 2004; Miike, 2009), and brain dysfunction (Tomoda et al., 2000). Conventional studies on central fatigue have supported the ‘serotonin hypothesis,’ in which tryptophan uptake into the brain enhances serotonin production, thereby suppressing treadmill performance in the rat model of post-exercise fatigue (Acworth et al., 1986; Cermak et al., 2012; Melancon et al., 2012; Newsholme and Blomstrand, 2006). The hypothesis was also supported by an elevation in blood tryptophan level concentration during postoperative fatigue in humans (Yamamoto et al., 1997).
<sup>1</sup>H NMR-based metabolomics reveals neurochemical alterations in the brain of adolescent rats following acute methylphenidate administration
2017, Neurochemistry InternationalCitation Excerpt :It may therefore be speculated that such an MPH-induced increase in motor activity enhances the plasma to brain transport of selected LNAAs, including tyrosine and its precursor, phenylalanine. In support of this, rats exposed to treadmill running show increased brain levels of tyrosine (Acworth et al., 1986). Similar to the findings on MPH in this study, another psychostimulant, d-amphetamine, which is also used in ADHD treatment, has been shown to increase rat brain levels of LNAAs, including tyrosine (Fernando and Curzon, 1978).
Pharmacological Intervention of Brain Neurotransmission Affects Exercise Capacity
2017, Physical Activity and the Aging Brain: Effects of Exercise on Neurological FunctionMuscle anatomy, physiology, and adaptations to exercise and training
2014, The Athletic Horse: Principles and Practice of Equine Sports Medicine: Second EditionDifferences in serotonin serum concentration between aggressive English cocker spaniels and aggressive dogs of other breeds
2013, Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and ResearchCitation Excerpt :Possible differences between ECSs and other breeds in the amount of physical exercise and their diet could also explain differences in serotonin levels, although studies on this particular issue are lacking. For example, some studies in laboratory rodents and humans suggest that physical exercise increases serotonin levels (Chaouloff, 1997) and that low levels of exercise correlate with aggressive behavior (Jagoe and Serpell, 1996; Tsatsoulis and Fountoulakis, 2006); however, other studies have failed to find such an effect (Acworth et al., 1986; Hoffmann et al., 1994). Preliminary findings suggest that aggressive dogs exercise less than nonaggressive dogs (Mariotti et al., 2009).
Oyster (Ostrea Plicatula Gmelin) Peptides Improve Exercise Endurance Capacity via Activating AMPK and HO-1
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