Prediction of hip joint centre location from external landmarks

doi:10.1016/0167-9457(89)90020-1

Human Movement Science

Volume 8, Issue 1, February 1989, Pages 3-16

https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(89)90020-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

The approaches to predicting the hip joint centre (HJC) location of Tylkowski's group and Andriacchi's group were evaluated for accuracy and validity in children and adults of both sexes. Using Tylkowski's approach, we found that the three-dimensional (3-D) HJC location in adults (expressed as a percentage of the distance between the anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS)) was 30% distal, 14% medial, and 22% posterior to the ASIS, and predicted the HJC location to within 3.3 cm of the true location with 95% certainty. Using Andriacchi's approach, we found that the HJC was located in the frontal plane distal and lateral to the midpoint of a line between the ASIS and pubic symphysis, and varied from 2.2 cm distal and 0.78 cm lateral in girls to 4.6 cm distal and 1.7 cm lateral in men. A more accurate method of estimating the 3-D HJC location combined a modification of Andriacchi's approach (estimating frontal plane location of HJC) with a modification of Tylkowski's approach (estimating HJC location posterior to a frontal plane), and could predict the HJC location in adults to within 2.6 cm of the true location with 95% certainty.

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Cited by (407)

Accuracy of conventional motion capture in measuring hip joint center location and hip rotations during gait, squat, and step-up activities
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Accurate measurements of hip joint kinematics are essential for improving our understanding of the effects of injury, disease, and surgical intervention on long-term hip joint health. This study assessed the accuracy of conventional motion capture (MoCap) for measuring hip joint center (HJC) location and hip joint angles during gait, squat, and step-up activities while using dynamic biplane radiography (DBR) as the reference standard. Twenty-four young adults performed six trials of treadmill walking, six body-weight squats, and six step-ups within a biplane radiography system. Synchronized biplane radiographs were collected at 50 images per second and MoCap was collected simultaneously at 100 images per second. Bone motion during each activity was determined by matching digitally reconstructed radiographs, created from subject-specific CT-based bone models, to the biplane radiographs using a validated registration process. Errors in estimating HJC location and hip angles using MoCap were quantified by the root mean squared error (RMSE) across all frames of available data. The MoCap error in estimating HJC location was larger during step-up (up to 89.3 mm) than during gait (up to 16.6 mm) or squat (up to 31.4 mm) in all three anatomic directions (all p < 0.001). RMSE in hip joint flexion (7.2°) and abduction (4.3°) during gait was less than during squat (23.8° and 8.9°) and step-up (20.1° and 10.6°) (all p < 0.01). Clinical analysis and computational models that rely on skin-mounted markers to estimate hip kinematics should be interpreted with caution, especially during activities that involve deeper hip flexion.
Assessment of gait mechanics and muscle strength in hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
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Hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome, a heritable connective tissue disorder, is associated with muscle dysfunction, joint subluxations and pain. The impact of hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome on musculoskeletal mechanics is understudied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome on lower extremity gait mechanics and muscle strength.
Eleven people with hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome and 11 asymptomatic controls underwent a 3D gait analysis and isometric hip and knee muscle strength assessment. Joint subluxations were self-reported by the hypermobile Ehlers Danlos syndrome group. Independent t-tests and Mann Whitney U tests were used to analyze joint mechanics, muscle strength, and patient report outcomes (p < 0.05).
Both groups exhibited similar walking speeds as well as similar hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics. The hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome group walked with a lower peak hip extensor moment (hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome: -0.52 ± 0.28 Nmˑkg⁻¹, Control: -0.83 ± 0.26 Nmˑkg⁻¹, p = 0.01) yet similar knee and ankle joint moments. The hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome group exhibited a 40% deficit in peak hip extensor strength (hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome:1.07 ± 0.53 Nmˑkg⁻¹, Control: 1.77 ± 0.79 Nmˑkg⁻¹, p = 0.04). Approximately 73%, 55% and 45% of the hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome cohort self-reported hip, knee/patella and ankle joint subluxations, respectively, at least once a week.
Patients with hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ambulated with altered hip extensor moments and exhibit hip extensor weakness. Future work should investigate the underlying mechanisms of hip extensor weakness and corresponding effects on joint health in people with hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome.
The impact of whole-body vibration training and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity during cutting movement in individuals with functional ankle instability: A parallel-group study
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We compared the effects of whole-body vibration training and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs in functional ankle instability patients during cutting movement to ascertain the superior rehabilitation method.
Twenty-two male College students with unilateral functional ankle instability volunteered for this study and were randomly divided into whole-body vibration training group and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group. Kinematics data and ground reaction forces were collected using infrared motion capture system and 3-D force plates synchronously during cutting. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the data.
Both training methods reduced the maximum hip abduction angle (p = 0.010, effect size: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation = 0.69; whole-body vibration training = 0.20), maximum knee flexion angle (p = 0.008, effect size: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation = 0.39, whole-body vibration training = 1.26) and angular velocity (p = 0.014, effect size: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation = 0.62, whole-body vibration training = 0.55), maximum ankle inversion angular velocity (p = 0.020, effect size: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation = 0.52, whole-body vibration training = 0.81), and knee flexion angle at the time of maximum vertical ground reaction forces (p = 0.018, effect size: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation = 0.27, whole-body vibration training = 0.76), and increased the maximum ankle dorsiflexion moment (p = 0.049, effect size: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation = −0.52, whole-body vibration training = −0.22). Whole-body vibration training reduced the maximum ground reaction forces value in the mediolateral directions (p = 0.010, effect size = 0.82) during cutting movement.
These findings suggested that the two types of training might increase neuromuscular conduction function around the ankle. After these two types of training, functional ankle instability patients showed a similar risk of injury to the lateral ankle ligaments during cutting.
A comparison of minimum segment models for the estimation of centre of mass position and velocity for slip recovery during a bathtub transfer task
2024, Gait and Posture
Exploring the use of minimum marker sets is important for balancing the technical quality of motion capture with challenging data collection environments and protocols. While minimum marker sets have been demonstrated to be appropriate for evaluation of some motion patterns, there is limited evidence to support model choices for abrupt, asymmetrical, non-cyclic motion such as balance disturbance during a bathtub exit task.
How effective are six models of reduced complexity for the estimation of centre of mass (COM) displacement and velocity, relative to a full-body model.
Eight participants completed a bathtub exit task. Participants received a balance perturbation as they crossed the bathtub rim, stepping from a soapy wet bathtub to a dry floor. Six reduced models were developed from the full, 72-marker, 12 segment 3D kinematic data set. Peak displacement and velocity of the body COM, and RMSE (relative to the full-body model) for displacement and velocity of the body COM were determined for each model.
Main effects were observed for peak right, left, anterior, posterior, upwards and downwards motion, and peak left, anterior, posterior, upwards and downwards velocity. Time-varying (RMSE) was smaller for models including the thighs than models not containing the thighs. In contrast, inclusion of upper arm, forearm, and hand segments did not improve model performance. The model containing the sacrum marker only consistently performed the worst across peak and RMSE metrics.
Findings suggest a simplified centre of mass model may adequately capture abrupt, asymmetrical, non-cyclic tasks, such as balance disturbance recovery during obstacle crossing. A reduced kinematic model should include the thighs, trunk and pelvis segments, although models that are more complex are recommended, depending on the metrics of interest.
The interaction effect of different footwear types and static navicular drop or dynamic ankle pronation on the joint stiffness of the lower limb during running
2024, Gait and Posture
Although the effects of footwear type on joint stiffness have previously been investigated, researchers did not consider foot flexibility. Thus, the present investigation aimed to determine the interaction effects of footwear type, static navicular drop and dynamic ankle pronation on dynamic joint stiffness in running.
Does the footwear types in interaction with the foot posture affect the stiffness of the joints of the lower limb?
Forty-seven male individuals participated in this study. Firstly, they were divided into the high navicular, low navicular, and normal navicular drop. Secondly, they were divided into the high dynamic ankle pronation, low dynamic ankle pronation, and normal dynamic ankle pronation groups. Participants performed three running trials at 3 ± 0.2 m/s at minimalist footwear, conventional footwear, and barefoot conditions. We collected the ground reaction forces and three-dimensional kinematic data and calculated joint stiffness over the stance phase.
There was no significant main effect of navicular drop or dynamic ankle pronation on dynamic joint stiffness for the ankle, knee, and hip (p > 0.05). However, footwear type significantly affected dynamic joint stiffness. The pairwise comparison revealed that the ankle and hip dynamic joint stiffness magnitudes in the conventional footwear condition were greater than in the barefoot and minimalist footwear conditions (p 0.001). In contrast, the knee dynamic joint stiffness magnitude in the conventional footwear condition was lesser than in barefoot and minimalist footwear conditions (p 0.001).
The navicular drop or dynamic ankle pronation did not influence lower limb joint stiffness, and there was no significant interaction between navicular drop or dynamic ankle pronation and footwear on lower limb dynamic joint stiffness. However, conventional footwear increased the ankle and hip dynamic joint stiffness while reducing knee dynamic joint stiffness, leading to changes in transfer energy, which could have implications for relative injury risk.
Differences between lower extremity joint running kinetics captured by marker-based and markerless systems were speed dependent
2024, Journal of Sport and Health Science
The development of computer vision technology has enabled the use of markerless movement tracking for biomechanical analysis. Recent research has reported the feasibility of markerless systems in motion analysis but has yet to fully explore their utility for capturing faster movements, such as running. Applied studies using markerless systems in clinical and sports settings are still lacking. Thus, the present study compared running biomechanics estimated by marker-based and markerless systems. Given running speed not only affects sports performance but is also associated with clinical injury prevention, diagnosis, and rehabilitation, we aimed to investigate the effects of speed on the comparison of estimated lower extremity joint moments and powers between markerless and marker-based technologies during treadmill running as a concurrent validating study.
Kinematic data from marker-based/markerless technologies were collected, along with ground reaction force data, from 16 young adults running on an instrumented treadmill at 3 speeds: 2.24 m/s, 2.91 m/s, and 3.58 m/s (5.0 miles/h, 6.5 miles/h, and 8.0 miles/h). Sagittal plane moments and powers of the hip, knee, and ankle were calculated by inverse dynamic methods. Time series analysis and statistical parametric mapping were used to determine system differences.
Compared to the marker-based system, the markerless system estimated increased lower extremity joint kinetics with faster speed during the swing phase in most cases.
Despite the promising application of markerless technology in clinical settings, systematic markerless overestimation requires focused attention. Based on segment pose estimations, the centers of mass estimated by markerless technologies were farther away from the relevant distal joint centers, which led to greater joint moments and powers estimates by markerless vs. marker-based systems. The differences were amplified by running speed.

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^☆: This work was supported in part by NIH grants AM35510 and AM07075-13, and a gift from the Tektronix Corporation.

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Prediction of hip joint centre location from external landmarks☆

Abstract

Journal of Biomechanics

Gait analysis as a tool to assess joint kinetics

Proceedings of NATO Advanced Study Institute Biomechanics of Normal and Pathological Articulating Joints

The influence of total knee-replacement design on walking and stair-climbing

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

A study of lower-limb mechanics during stair-climbing

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

A model of lower extremity muscular anatomy

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

Spinal analysis using a three-dimensional radiographic technique

Journal of Biomechanics

Joint functional assessment during physical exercise: Methodological considerations

Proceedings of the 5th Meeting of the European Society of Biomechanics

A general computing method for the analysis of human locomotion

Journal of Biomechanics