Effect of prolonged exercise training without weight loss on high-density lipoprotein metabolism in overweight men

doi:10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90305-X

Metabolism

Volume 46, Issue 2, February 1997, Pages 217-223

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90305-X Get rights and content

Abstract

This study examined the effect of exercise training without weight loss on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism in overweight men. We evaluated HDL metabolism using ¹²⁵I-radiolabeled autologous HDL in 17 overweight men aged 40 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) before and after 1 year of exercise training. Subjects consumed defined diets in a metabolic kitchen during the metabolic studies. They performed endurance exercise under supervision for 1 hour four times weekly and maintained their pretraining body weight. Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo₂max) increased 27% (P < .001) with exercise training. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I increased 10% and 9%, respectively (P < .001 for both), whereas triglycerides and apo B decreased 7% and 10%, respectively (P < .05). Postheparin lipoprotein lipase increased 11% (P = NS). Hepatic triglyceride lipase activity (HTGLA) decreased 12% (P < .05). The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of HDL protein and of apo A-I decreased 5% and 7%, respectively (P < .05 for both). The synthetic rate of apo A-I increased 13% (P < .01). Increased HDL after exercise training is associated with both decreased HDL protein catabolism and increased HDL apo A-I synthesis. Weight loss is not required to increase HDL-C with exercise training in overweight men, but without weight loss, even prolonged exercise training produces only modest changes in HDL-C concentrations.

References (28)

PT Williams et al.
Does weight loss cause the exercise-induced increase in plasma high density lipoproteins?
Atherosclerosis
(1983)
G Sopko et al.
The effects of exercise and weight loss on plasma lipids in young obese men
Metabolism
(1985)
LI Gidez et al.
Separation and quantitation of subclasses of human plasma high density lipoproteins by a simple precipitation procedure
J Lipid Res
(1982)
LO Henderson et al.
Abnormal concentration and anomalous distribution of apolipoprotein A-I in Tangier disease
Metabolism
(1978)
RB Terry et al.
High-density apolipoprotein A-I and A-II kinetics in relation to regional adiposity
Metabolism
(1992)
MA Kantor et al.
Exercise acutely increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein lipase activity in trained and untrained men
Metabolism
(1987)
S Eisenberg
High density lipoprotein metabolism
J Lipid Res
(1984)
MA Kantor et al.
Acute increase in lipoprotein lipase following prolonged exercise
Metabolism
(1984)
PN Herbert et al.
High-density lipoprotein metabolism in runners and sedentary men
JAMA
(1984)
PD Thompson et al.
High density lipoprotein metabolism in endurance athletes and sedentary men
Circulation
(1991)

PD Wood et al.

Plasma lipoprotein distributions in male and female runners

Ann NY Acad Sci

(1977)

PD Wood et al.

Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise

N Engl J Med

(1988)

PD Thompson et al.

Modest changes in high-density lipoprotein concentrations and metabolism with prolonged exercise training

Circulation

(1988)

MF Najjar et al.

Anthropometric Reference Data and Prevalence of Overweight, United States, 1976-80

Cited by (113)

Effects of endurance training on serum lipids
2018, Vascular Pharmacology
Physical activity is recommended as part of the lifestyle modification for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, however, the literature reports heterogeneous quantitative effects of exercise on serum lipids. We therefore reviewed the effects of aerobic exercise on serum lipids with special focus on the training effectiveness.
Data regarding effects of endurance training (ET) on total Cholesterol (TC), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were evaluated in a selective literature search. To account for the observed heterogeneity of the training interventions, studies were analyzed according to effectiveness (duration, intensity, frequency) of training.
Unselected training intervention studies did not exert significant effects on serum LDL-C but showed minor positive effects on HDL-C and TG. Effective endurance training - defined as endurance training performed by an intensity of 65–75% of the heart rate reserve (corresponding to 75–85% maximum heart rate or 65–80% VO_2max) for a duration of 40–50 min per training unit on 3–4 days/week over a period of 26–40 weeks showed improvement of serum lipids. Effective training lowered TC by − 3.75% (p = 0.0006), LDL-C by − 4.76% (p = 0.0015), TG by − 8.24% (p = 0.0004) and increased HDL-C by + 4.43% (p = 0.0061).
The analysis suggests that a minimum exercise threshold is necessary to produce effects on serum lipids. Overall, the quantitative effect of physical activity on serum lipids is small.
The metabolic and pharmacologic bases for treating atherogenic dyslipidaemia
2014, Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Dyslipoproteinaemia is a cardinal feature of the metabolic syndrome that accelerates atherosclerosis. It is characterized by high plasma concentrations of triglyceride-rich and apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins, with depressed high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentrations. Dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism in the metabolic syndrome may be due to a combination of overproduction of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoB, decreased catabolism of apoB-containing particles, and increased catabolism of HDL apoA-I particles. These abnormalities are due to a global metabolic effect of insulin resistance and visceral obesity. Lifestyle modifications (dietary restriction and increased exercise) and pharmacological treatments favourably alter lipoprotein transport by decreasing the hepatic secretion of VLDL-apoB and the catabolism of HDL apoA-I, as well as by increasing the clearance of LDL-apoB. The safety and tolerability of combination drug therapy based on statins is important and merits further investigation. There are several pipeline therapies for correcting triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and HDL metabolism. However, their clinical efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness remain to be demonstrated.
Impact of diet and exercise on lipid management in the modern era
2014, Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Unfortunately, many patients as well as the medical community, continue to rely on coronary revascularization procedures and cardioprotective medications as a first-line strategy to stabilize or favorably modify established risk factors and the course of coronary artery disease. However, these therapies do not address the root of the problem, that is, the most proximal risk factors for heart disease, including unhealthy dietary practices, physical inactivity, and cigarette smoking. We argue that more emphasis must be placed on novel approaches to embrace current primary and secondary prevention guidelines, which requires attacking conventional risk factors and their underlying environmental causes.
The impact of lifestyle on the risk of cardiovascular disease has been well established in clinical trials, but these results are often overlooked and underemphasized. Considerable data also strongly support the role of lifestyle intervention to improve glucose and insulin homeostasis, as well as physical inactivity and/or low aerobic fitness. Accordingly, intensive diet and exercise interventions can be highly effective in facilitating coronary risk reduction, complementing and enhancing medications, and in some instances, even outperforming drug therapy.
Aerobic training and lipid profile of hypothyroid rats
2013, Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 17 weeks of swimming exercise on the lipid profile of hypothyroid rats.
24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: controls submitted to aerobic training (CT); hypothyroid submitted to aerobic training (HT); sedentary controls (SC) and sedentary hypothyroid (SH). HT and SH were induced to hypothyroidism by administering 1 mg of propylthiouracil, while CT and SC animals received distilled water. The animals had unrestricted access to ration and water. Swimming took place five times per week, 60 minutes per session, with overload corresponding to 3% of body weight. At the end of the experiment total cholesterol (C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), triglycerides and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured.
The main finding of the study was the lower values (p < 0.05) obtained for two variables in the HT group (C = 74.6 ± 8.7 mg/dl and LDL = 43.7 ± 6.5 mg/dl) compared to the SH group (C = 91.3 ± 6.8 mg/dl and LDL-C = 55.6 ± 2.0 mg/dl).
It was concluded that swimming exercises can minimize the increase in C and LDL-C blood levels in hypothyroid rats.
El objetivo del estudio fue investigar los efectos de 17 semanas de ejercicios de natación en el perfil lipídico de los ratones de laboratorio con hipotiroidismo.
24 ratones de laboratorio machos, especie Wistar, fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: control y sometidos a entrenamiento aeróbico (CT); con hipotiroidismo y sometidos a entrenamiento aeróbico (HT); control sedentario (CS) y sedentario con hipotiroidismo (SH). Los animales de los grupos HT y HS fueron inducidos al hipotiroidismo por medio de administración de 1mg de propiltiouracilo, mientras que los animales de los grupos CT y CS, recibieron agua destilada. Los animales tuvieron libre acceso a su alimento y agua. La natación fue realizada 5 veces por semana, 60 minutos por sesión, sobrecarga correspondiente a 3% del peso corporal del animal. Al final del experimento fueron dosificadas las concentraciones de colesterol total (C), lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL-C), lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL-C), lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL-C), triglicéridos y hormona estimulante de la tiroides (THS).
El principal hallazgo del estudio fueron los valores menores (p < 0.05) en dos variables del grupo HT (C = 74.6 ± 8.7 mg/dl e LDL = 43.7 ± 6.5 mg/dl) en relación al grupo HS (C = 91.3 ± 6.8 mg/dl e LDL-C = 55.6 ± 2.0 mg/dl).
Se concluye que el ejercicio aeróbico de natación puede minimizar en ratones 1de laboratorio el aumento de los niveles sanguíneos de C y LDL-C debido a la condición de hipotiroidismo.
Effects of physical activity on cardiovascular disease
2012, American Journal of Cardiology
Much attention has been directed toward lifestyle modifications as effective means of reducing cardiovascular disease risk. In particular, physical activity has been heavily studied because of its well-known effects on metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular disease risk, and all-cause mortality. However, data regarding the effects of exercise on various stages of the atherosclerosis pathway remain conflicting. The investigators review previously published reports for recent observational and interventional trials investigating the effects of physical activity on markers of (or causal factors for) atherosclerotic burden and vascular disease, including serum lipoproteins, systemic inflammation, thrombosis, coronary artery calcium, and carotid intima-media thickness. In conclusion, the data show a correlation between physical activity and triglyceride reduction, apolipoprotein B reduction, high-density lipoprotein increase, change in low-density lipoprotein particle size, increase in tissue plasminogen activator activity, and decrease in coronary artery calcium. Further research is needed to elucidate the effect of physical activity on inflammatory markers and intima-media thickness.
effects of large exercise-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity and metabolic risk factors in young males with obesity
2023, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness

View all citing articles on Scopus

^☆: Supported by National Institutes of Health Grant No. HL-28467 and by the Miriam Foundation, the Haire Family, William Jakober, and the McNulty Family.

View full text

Effect of prolonged exercise training without weight loss on high-density lipoprotein metabolism in overweight men☆

Abstract

Atherosclerosis

Metabolism

J Lipid Res

Metabolism

Metabolism

Metabolism

J Lipid Res

Metabolism

High-density lipoprotein metabolism in runners and sedentary men

JAMA

High density lipoprotein metabolism in endurance athletes and sedentary men

Circulation

Plasma lipoprotein distributions in male and female runners

Ann NY Acad Sci

Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise

N Engl J Med

Modest changes in high-density lipoprotein concentrations and metabolism with prolonged exercise training

Circulation

Anthropometric Reference Data and Prevalence of Overweight, United States, 1976-80