Functional electrical stimulation exercise increases GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 in paralyzed skeletal muscle☆
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Cited by (72)
Insights on the Potential Mechanisms of Action of Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy in Combination With Task-Specific Training: A Scoping Review
2022, NeuromodulationCitation Excerpt :In addition to the changes in muscle size, the results of prior clinical studies suggest that FEST + TST induce changes in the muscle composition in different ways by: increasing the number of type IIa muscle fibers; increasing myosin heavy chain (MHC) I fibers; decreasing the proportion of fiber type IIX and MHC IIx; promoting fast-to-slow fiber-type transformation accompanied by elevated expression of myogenin mRNA and PGC-1α; increasing the mean fiber area; increasing the capillary-to-fiber ratio; increasing the number of capillaries in contact with each muscular fiber; and increasing pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 which suggests accelerated type-IV collagen turnover.39–48 Other investigators also proposed that FEST + TST could improve the physiological performance and metabolism of the impaired muscles by: increasing their fatigue resistance as assessed using torque measures and succinate dehydrogenase activity; enhancing muscle strength; improving blood flow to them as assessed using positron emission tomography with H2150 and increased calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels (ie, promoting vasodilation and stimulating cardiac function); increasing their amount of glucose transport proteins 1 and 4 (GLU-1 and GLU-4) along with increased muscle oxidative capacity; increasing activity levels of citrate synthesis and hexokinase that up-regulate energy systems relevant to muscle performance; partially normalizing mRNA expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) isoforms that are key regulators of cellular energy homeostasis; and augmenting muscle oxidative capacity.29,30,32,37,41,44,47–55 There were only two clinical studies that were focused on the potential neuroplastic effects of the FEST + TST within the peripheral and central nervous system.
Effect of Exercise on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
2020, Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationCitation Excerpt :However, more studies are needed to determine this, particularly given the high-quality study reporting no change in the lipid profile following 16 weeks of twice-weekly combined training.37 Five of the 6 studies45,49,53,55,57 to measure outcomes relating to peripheral insulin sensitivity reported a significant improvement following FES cycling. The largest of these studies (n=18)49 reported a significant reduction in glucose and insulin at multiple time points during a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test following 10 weeks of exercise (2-3 sessions/wk, 30min).
Effects of a 6-Week Indoor Hand-Bike Exercise Program on Health and Fitness Levels in People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
2015, Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationCase report: Endurance electrical stimulation training improves skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in chronic spinal cord injury
2013, Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationCitation Excerpt :The 3-fold improvement in mitochondrial capacity with twitch endurance training in this case study is substantially larger than reported using traditional FES exercise programs.12,13 Chilibeck et al14 reported a 56% increase in citrate synthase activity after 8 weeks (3d/wk) of FES cycling exercise. Similarly, Martin et al1 reported an approximately 1-fold increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity in both type I and type II fibers after 6 months of NMES training of the tibialis anterior muscle.
The Effect of Lower Limb Combined Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle Signaling for Glucose Utilization, Myofiber Distribution, and Metabolic Function after Spinal Cord Injury
2023, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public HealthThe Autonomous Pipeline Navigation of a Cockroach Bio-Robot with Enhanced Walking Stimuli
2023, Cyborg and Bionic Systems
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Supported by a grant from the Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada), the Alberta Paraplegic Foundation, and Therapeutic Alliance (Fairborn, OH).